{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:35:19Z","timestamp":1792272919025,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease. It represents a group of heterogenous inflammatory disorders with unknown origin and is a diagnosis of exclusion in which imaging plays an important role. JIA is defined as arthritis of one or more joints that begins before the age of 16\u00a0years, persists for more than 6\u00a0weeks and is of unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The clinical goal is early suppression of inflammation to prevent irreversible joint damage which has shifted the emphasis from detecting established joint damage to proactively detecting inflammatory change. This drives the need for imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional radiography in the evaluation of inflammatory processes as well as early osteochondral change. Physical examination has limited reliability, even if performed by an experienced clinician, emphasising the importance of imaging to aid in clinical decision-making. On behalf of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) arthritis subcommittee and the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) musculoskeletal imaging taskforce, based on literature review and\/or expert opinion, we discuss paediatric-specific imaging characteristics of the most commonly involved, in literature best documented and clinically important joints in JIA, namely the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), spine, sacroiliac (SI) joints, wrists, hips and knees, followed by a clinically applicable point to consider for each joint. We will also touch upon controversies in the current literature that remain to be resolved with ongoing research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic paediatric rheumatic disease and, in JIA imaging, is increasingly important to aid in clinical decision-making.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Conventional radiographs have a lower sensitivity and specificity for detection of disease activity and early destructive change, as compared to MRI or ultrasound. Nonetheless, radiography remains important, particularly in narrowing the differential diagnosis and evaluating growth disturbances.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Mainly in peripheral joints, ultrasound can be helpful for assessment of inflammation and guiding joint injections. In JIA, MRI is the most validated technique. MRI should be considered as the modality of choice to assess the axial skeleton or where the clinical presentation overlaps with JIA.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T04:02:56Z","timestamp":1589256176000},"page":"5237-5249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Hemke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Herregods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob L.","family":"Jaremko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"\u00c5str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derk","family":"Avenarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Becce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis K.","family":"Bielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Boesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danoob","family":"Dalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Giraudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay-Geert","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Grethe","family":"Jurik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Klauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Kvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederiek","family":"Laloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Mester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaka C.","family":"Offiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Omoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olympia","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena","family":"Plagou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Shelmerdine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Simoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Sudo\u0142-Szopi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tanturri de Horatio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Jans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Billiau AD, Hu Y, Verdonck A, Carels C, Wouters C (2007) Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology. J Rheumatol 34:1925\u20131933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2017160078","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160078"},{"key":"6807_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Navallas M, Inarejos EJ, Iglesias E, Lee GYC,Rodr\u00edguez N, Ant\u00f3n J (2017) MR imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: technique and findings. Radiographics 37:595\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2017160078","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160078"},{"key":"6807_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160078","volume":"25","author":"A K\u00fcseler","year":"1998","unstructured":"K\u00fcseler A, Pedersen TK, Herlin T, Gelineck J (1998) Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a method to diagnose early inflammatory changes in the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. J Rheumatol 25:1406\u20131412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2017160078","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.335125178","volume":"33","author":"EF Sheybani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheybani EF, Khanna G, White AJ, Demertzis JL (2013) Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis:a multimodality approach. Radiographics 33:1253\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.335125178","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"6807_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23401","volume":"58","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Arabshahi B, Johnson A et al (2008) High prevalence of temporomandibular joint arthritis at disease onset in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging but not by ultrasound. Arthritis Rheum 58:1189\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23401","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6807_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cannizzaro E, Schroeder S, M\u00fcller LM, Kellenberger CJ, Saurenmann RK (2011) Temporomandibular joint involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 38:510\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.100325","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100325"},{"key":"6807_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0056-2","volume":"13","author":"H Keller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keller H, M\u00fcller LM, Markic G et al (2015) Is early TMJ involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinically detectable? Clinical examination of the TMJ in comparison with contrast enhanced MRI in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 13:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-015-0056-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"6807_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140235","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140235","volume":"44","author":"TA Larheim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larheim TA, Abrahamsson A-K, Kristensen M, Arvidsson LZ (2015) Temporomandibular joint diagnostics using CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 44:20140235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20140235","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4005-8","volume":"48","author":"E Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller E, Inarejos Clemente EJ, Tzaribachev N et al (2018) Imaging of temporomandibular joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis with a focus on developing a magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Pediatr Radiol 48:792\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4005-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2012.02.010","volume":"114","author":"AML Ferraz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferraz AML, Devito KL, Guimar\u00e3es JP (2012) Temporomandibular disorder in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical evaluation and correlation with the findings of cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 114:e51\u2013e57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2012.02.010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160195","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160195","volume":"45","author":"E Kirkhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirkhus E, Gunderson RB, Smith H-J et al (2016) Temporomandibular joint involvement in childhood arthritis: comparison of ultrasonography-assessed capsular width and MRI-assessed synovitis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 45:20160195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20160195","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep068","volume":"48","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Kellenberger CJ, Cannizzaro E et al (2009) Early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study comparing clinical examination and ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48:680\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep068","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6807_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zwir LF, Terreri MT, do Amaral E, Castro A et al (2019) Is power Doppler ultrasound useful to evaluate temporomandibular joint inflammatory activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Clin Rheumatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-019-04731-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04731-x"},{"key":"6807_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4000-0","volume":"48","author":"CJ Kellenberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kellenberger CJ, Junhasavasdikul T, Tolend M, Doria AS (2018) Temporomandibular joint atlas for detection and grading of juvenile idiopathic arthritis involvement by magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 48:411\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4000-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kottke R, Saurenmann RK, Schneider MM, M\u00fcller L, Grotzer MA, Kellenberger CJ (2015) Contrast-enhanced MRI of the temporomandibular joint: findings in children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Radiol 56:1145\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185114548506","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114548506"},{"key":"6807_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.1.1523314","volume":"185","author":"HJ Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith HJ, Larheim TA, Aspestrand F (1992) Rheumatic and nonrheumatic disease in the temporomandibular joint: gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 185:229\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.185.1.1523314","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6807_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kirkhus E, Arvidsson LZ, Smith H-J, Flat\u00f8 B, Hetlevik SO, Larheim TA (2016) Disk abnormality coexists with any degree of synovial and osseous abnormality in the temporomandibular joints of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 46:331\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-015-3493-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3493-7"},{"key":"6807_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01830-0_7","volume":"41","author":"JFC Wolfs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolfs JFC, Arts MP, Peul WC (2014) Juvenile chronic arthritis and the craniovertebral junction in the paediatric patient: review of the literature and management considerations. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 41:143\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-01830-0_7","journal-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg"},{"key":"6807_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(88)90019-4","volume":"17","author":"G Espada","year":"1988","unstructured":"Espada G, Babini JC, Maldonado-Cocco JA, Garc\u00eda-Morteo O (1988) Radiologic review: the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 17:185\u2013195","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6807_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laiho K, Savolainen A, Kautiainen H, Kekki P, Kauppi M (2002) The cervical spine in juvenile chronic arthritis. Spine J 2:89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00151-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00151-1"},{"key":"6807_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaid YN, Daniel Dunnavant F, Royal SA, Beukelman T, Stoll ML, Cron RQ (2014) Imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 66:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22177","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22177"},{"key":"6807_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812150-00017","volume":"23","author":"MF Reiter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Reiter MF, Boden SD (1998) Inflammatory disorders of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 23:2755\u20132766","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"6807_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-017-0173-1","volume":"15","author":"D Klju\u010dev\u0161ek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klju\u010dev\u0161ek D, Emer\u0161i\u010d N, Toplak N, Av\u010din T (2017) Clinical and MRI outcome of cervical spine lesions in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with anti-TNF\u03b1 drugs early in disease course. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 15:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-017-0173-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"6807_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.12.001","volume":"20","author":"M Hofer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hofer M (2006) Spondylarthropathies in children--are they different from those in adults? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20:315\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2005.12.001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sudo\u0142-Szopi\u0144ska I, Eshed I, Jans L, Herregods N, Teh J, Vojinovic J (2018) Classifications and imaging of juvenile spondyloarthritis. J Ultrason 18:224\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15557\/JoU.2018.0033","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2018.0033"},{"key":"6807_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hospach T, Maier J, M\u00fcller-Abt P, Patel A, Horneff G, von Kalle T (2014) Cervical spine involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - MRI follow-up study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 12:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1546-0096-12-9","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-9"},{"key":"6807_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H, Appenzeller S, Riew KD (2015) Radiological evaluation of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Neurosurg Focus 38:E4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.1.FOCUS14664","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.FOCUS14664"},{"key":"6807_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes054","volume":"52","author":"M Elhai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elhai M, Wipff J, Bazeli R et al (2013) Radiological cervical spine involvement in young adults with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52:267\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes054","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"6807_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2319\/060310-302.1","volume":"81","author":"H Kjellberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kjellberg H, Pavlou I (2011) Changes in the cervical spine of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis evaluated with lateral cephalometric radiographs: a case control study. Angle Orthod 81:447\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/060310-302.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6807_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chauvin NA, Xiao R, Brandon TG et al (2019) MRI of the sacroiliac joint in healthy children. AJR Am J Roentgenol:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.18.20708","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.20708"},{"key":"6807_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195909000-00030","volume-title":"Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist","author":"W Greulich","year":"1959","unstructured":"Greulich W, Pyle I (1959) Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. Stanford University Press, London"},{"key":"6807_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000642","volume":"4","author":"K Rosendahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosendahl K, Bruserud IS, Oehme N et al (2018) Normative ultrasound references for the paediatric wrist; dorsal soft tissues. RMD open 4:e000642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000642","journal-title":"RMD open"},{"key":"6807_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22670","volume":"68","author":"P Collado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collado P, Vojinovic J, Nieto JC et al (2016) Toward standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric rheumatology: normal age-related ultrasound findings. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 68:348\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22670","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6807_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22410","volume":"67","author":"J Roth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roth J, Jousse-Joulin S, Magni-Manzoni S et al (2015) Definitions for the sonographic features of joints in healthy children. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 67:136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22410","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6807_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.135244","volume":"70","author":"L-SO M\u00fcller","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L-SO, Avenarius D, Damasio B et al (2011) The paediatric wrist revisited: redefining MR findings in healthy children. Ann Rheum Dis 70:605\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2010.135244","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6807_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avenarius DMF, Ording M\u00fcller L-S, Eldevik P, Owens CM, Rosendahl K (2012) The paediatric wrist revisited-findings of bony depressions in healthy children on radiographs compared to MRI. Pediatr Radiol 42:791\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2354-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2354-x"},{"key":"6807_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01356823","volume":"26","author":"WK Rohrschneider","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rohrschneider WK, Fuchs G, Tr\u00f6ger J (1996) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the anterior recess in the normal hip: a prospective study on 166 asymptomatic children. Pediatr Radiol 26:629\u2013634","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0720-048X(93)90052-O","volume":"17","author":"S Robben","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robben S (1993) Ultrasound and hip joint effusion. Eur J Radiol 17:134","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keshava SN, Gibikote SV, Mohanta A et al (2015) Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of healthy paediatric ankles and knees: a baseline for comparison with haemophilic joints. Haemophilia 21(3):e210\u2010e222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hae.12614","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12614"},{"key":"6807_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spannow AH, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Andersen NT, Herlin T, Stenb\u00f8g E (2010) Ultrasonographic measurements of joint cartilage thickness in healthy children: age- and sex-related standard reference values. J Rheumatol 37:2595\u20132601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.100101","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100101"},{"key":"6807_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5067-6","volume":"28","author":"R Hemke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemke R, van den Berg JM, Nusman CM et al (2018) Contrast-enhanced MRI findings of the knee in healthy children; establishing normal values. Eur Radiol 28:1167\u20131174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5067-6","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koos B, Tzaribachev N, Bott S, Ciesielski R, Godt A (2013) Classification of temporomandibular joint erosion, arthritis, and inflammation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Orofac Orthop 74:506\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-013-0166-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-013-0166-8"},{"key":"6807_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1543-x","volume":"20","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Maksymowych WP, Lambert RG et al (2018) Feasibility and reliability of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada sacroiliac joint inflammation score in children. Arthritis Res Ther 20:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1543-x","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"6807_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-017-0159-z","volume":"15","author":"N Herregods","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herregods N, Dehoorne J, Van den Bosch F et al (2017) ASAS definition for sacroiliitis on MRI in SpA: applicable to children? Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 15:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-017-0159-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"6807_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180222","volume":"46","author":"J Panwar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panwar J, Tse SMLL, Lim L et al (2019) Spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada scoring system for sacroiliitis in juvenile spondyloarthritis\/enthesitis-related arthritis: A reliability, validity, and responsiveness study. J Rheumatol 46:636\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.180222","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22835","volume":"56","author":"A Ravelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ravelli A, Ioseliani M, Norambuena X et al (2007) Adapted versions of the Sharp\/van der Heijde score are reliable and valid for assessment of radiographic progression in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 56:3087\u20133095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22835","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6807_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poznanski AK, Hernandez RJ, Guire KE, Guire KE, Bereza UL, Garn SM (1978) Carpal length in children--a useful measurement in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and some concenital malformation syndromes. Radiology 129:661\u2013668","DOI":"10.1148\/129.3.661"},{"key":"6807_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.126862","volume":"70","author":"C Malattia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malattia C, Damasio MB, Pistorio A et al (2011) Development and preliminary validation of a paediatric-targeted MRI scoring system for the assessment of disease activity and damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 70:440\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.126862","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6807_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2392-4","volume":"42","author":"MB Damasio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Damasio MB, Malattia C, Tanturri de Horatio L et al (2012) MRI of the wrist in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: proposal of a paediatric synovitis score by a consensus of an international working group. Results of a multicentre reliability study. Pediatr Radiol 42:1047\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2392-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4136-6","volume":"48","author":"SC Shelmerdine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shelmerdine SC, Di Paolo PL, Rieter JFMM et al (2018) A novel radiographic scoring system for growth abnormalities and structural change in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hip. Pediatr Radiol 48:1086\u20131095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4136-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090691","volume":"37","author":"M Bertamino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertamino M, Rossi F, Pistorio A et al (2010) Development and initial validation of a radiographic scoring system for the hip in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 37:432\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.090691","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ting TV, Vega-Fernandez P, Oberle EJ et al (2018) A novel ultrasound image acquisition protocol and scoring system for the pediatric knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23746","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23746"},{"key":"6807_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2684-y","volume":"23","author":"R Hemke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemke R, Van Rossum MAJ, Van Veenendaal M et al (2013) Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee. Eur Radiol 23:1075\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-012-2684-y","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemke R, Tzaribachev N, Nusman CM, Van Rossum MAJ, Maas M, Doria AS (2017) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the knee as an outcome measure in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An OMERACT reliability study on MRI scales. J Rheumatol 44:1224\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.160821","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160821"},{"key":"6807_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5304-7","volume":"28","author":"P Marteau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marteau P, Adamsbaum C, Rossi-Semerano L et al (2018) Conventional radiography in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Joint recommendations from the French societies for rheumatology, radiology and paediatric rheumatology. Eur Radiol 28:3963\u20133976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5304-7","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR56","first-page":"189","volume":"38","author":"B \u00d6ren","year":"1996","unstructured":"\u00d6ren B, \u00d6ren H, Osma E, \u00c7evik N (1996) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Cervical spine involvement and MRI in early diagnosis. Turk J Pediatr 38:189\u2013194","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"6807_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.10475","volume":"202","author":"S Munir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Munir S, Patil K, Miller E et al (2014) Juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the axial joints: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of conventional MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202:199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.12.10475","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"6807_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Narv\u00e1ez JA, Narv\u00e1ez J, de Albert M, De Lama E, Serrallonga M, Nolla JM (2009) Bone marrow edema in the cervical spine of symptomatic rheumatoid arthritis patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38:281\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.01.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.01.005"},{"key":"6807_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150680","volume":"71","author":"K-GA Hermann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hermann K-GA, Baraliakos X, van der Heijde DMFM et al (2012) Descriptions of spinal MRI lesions and definition of a positive MRI of the spine in axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS\/OMERACT MRI study group. Ann Rheum Dis 71:1278\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2011.150680","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6807_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4054-z","volume":"48","author":"CM Nusman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nusman CM, de Horatio LT, Hemke R et al (2018) Imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis \u2014 international initiatives and ongoing work. Pediatr Radiol 48:828\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4054-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22665","volume":"68","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Xiao R, Biko DM, Chauvin NA (2016) Assessment of sacroiliitis at diagnosis of juvenile spondyloarthritis by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical examination. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 68:187\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22665","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"6807_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jaremko JL, Liu L, Winn NJ, Ellsworth JE, Lambert RG (2014) Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging and radiography in juvenile spondyloarthritis: evaluation of the sacroiliac joints in controls and affected subjects. J Rheumatol 41:963\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.131064","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131064"},{"key":"6807_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1642-8","volume":"20","author":"PF Weiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiss PF, Xiao R, Brandon TG et al (2018) Radiographs in screening for sacroiliitis in children: what is the value? Arthritis Res Ther 20:141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1642-8","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"6807_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.09.003","volume":"70","author":"N Herregods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herregods N, Dehoorne J, Joos R et al (2015) Diagnostic value of MRI features of sacroiliitis in juvenile spondyloarthritis. Clin Radiol 70:1428\u20131438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2015.09.003","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208642","volume":"75","author":"RGW Lambert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lambert RGW, Bakker PAC, van der Heijde D et al (2016) Defining active sacroiliitis on MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: update by the ASAS MRI working group. Ann Rheum Dis 75:1958\u20131963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208642","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6807_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.034","volume":"71","author":"CE Althoff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Althoff CE, Feist E, Burova E et al (2009) Magnetic resonance imaging of active sacroiliitis: do we really need gadolinium? Eur J Radiol 71:232\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.034","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2211-8","volume":"44","author":"N Herregods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herregods N, Jaremko JL, Baraliakos X et al (2015) Limited role of gadolinium to detect active sacroiliitis on MRI in juvenile spondyloarthritis. Skeletal Radiol 44:1637\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-015-2211-8","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181115","volume":"46","author":"TM Otobo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Otobo TM, Conaghan PG, Maksymowych WP et al (2019) Preliminary definitions for sacroiliac joint pathologies in the omeract juvenile idiopathic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ). J Rheumatol 46:1192\u20131197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.181115","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3108-x","volume":"35","author":"R Hemke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hemke R, Nusman CM, van der Heijde DMFM et al (2014) Frequency of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis during a 5-year follow-up of newly diagnosed patients: implications for MR imaging as outcome measure. Rheumatol. Int. 35:351\u2013357","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"6807_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0454-3","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Wallace C (2014) Judicious use of biologicals in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 16:454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0454-3","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"6807_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4063-y","volume":"48","author":"DFM Avenarius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avenarius DFM, Nusman C, Malattia C et al (2018) Current status of wrist imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 48:801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4063-y","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2575-z","volume":"43","author":"L-S Ording Muller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ording Muller L-S, Boavida P, Avenarius D et al (2013) MRI of the wrist in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: erosions or normal variants? A prospective case-control study. Pediatr Radiol 43:785\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-012-2575-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0275-4","volume":"16","author":"L Ventura-R\u00edos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ventura-R\u00edos L, Faugier E, Barzola L et al (2018) Reliability of ultrasonography to detect inflammatory lesions and structural damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 16:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-018-0275-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"6807_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-10-23","volume":"10","author":"L Laurell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laurell L, Court-Payen M, Nielsen S et al (2012) Comparison of ultrasonography with Doppler and MRI for assessment of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 10:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1546-0096-10-23","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"6807_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141276","volume":"43","author":"CM Nusman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nusman CM, Ording Muller L-SS, Hemke R et al (2016) Current status of efforts on standardizing magnetic resonance imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Report from the OMERACT MRI in JIA working group and Health-e-Child. J Rheumatol 43:239\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.141276","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3657-0","volume":"46","author":"JFMM Rieter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rieter JFMM, de Horatio LT, Nusman CM et al (2016) The many shades of enhancement:timing of post-gadolinium images strongly influences the scoring of juvenile idiopathic arthritis wrist involvement on MRI. Pediatr Radiol 46:1562\u20131567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-016-3657-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4014-7","volume":"48","author":"C Malattia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malattia C, Tzaribachev N, van den Berg JM, Magni-Manzoni S (2018) Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - the role of imaging from a rheumatologist\u2019s perspective. Pediatr Radiol 48:785\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4014-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR78","first-page":"1385","volume":"30","author":"M \u00d8stergaard","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard M, Peterfy C, Conaghan P et al (2003) OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging studies. Core set of MRI acquisitions, joint pathology definitions, and the OMERACT RA-MRI scoring system. J Rheumatol 30:1385\u20131386","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200209000-00010","volume":"14","author":"CH Spencer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spencer CH, Bernstein BH (2002) Hip disease in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 14:536\u2013541","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rostom S, Amine B, Bensabbah R, Abouqal R, Hajjaj-Hassouni N (2008) Hip involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 27:791\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-008-0853-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0853-9"},{"key":"6807_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120386","volume":"40","author":"RAG Russo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russo RAG, Katsicas MM (2013) Patients with very early-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis exhibit more inflammatory features and a worse outcome. J Rheumatol 40:329\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.120386","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6807_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shelmerdine SC, Di Paolo PL, Tanturri de Horatio L, Malattia C, Magni-Manzoni S, Rosendahl K (2018) Imaging of the hip in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 48:811\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4022-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4022-7"},{"key":"6807_CR83","unstructured":"Beggs I, Bianchi S, Bueno A et al (2016) ESSR musculoskeletal ultrasound technical guidelines IV. Hip. https:\/\/essr.org\/content-essr\/uploads\/2016\/10\/hip.pdf. Accessed 29 Apr 2019"},{"key":"6807_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barendregt AM, van Gulik EC, Groot PFC et al (2019) Prolonged time between intravenous contrast administration and image acquisition results in increased synovial thickness at magnetic resonance imaging in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-04332-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-04332-x"},{"key":"6807_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4216-7","volume":"48","author":"FM Porter-Young","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porter-Young FM, Offiah AC, Broadley P et al (2018) Inter- and intra-observer reliability of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters in children with suspected juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hip. Pediatr Radiol 48:1891\u20131900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4216-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.2304","volume":"192","author":"E Miller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miller E, Uleryk E, Doria AS (2009) Evidence-based outcomes of studies addressing diagnostic accuracy of MRI of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:1209\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.08.2304","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"6807_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4015-6","volume":"48","author":"R Hemke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemke R, Tzaribachev N, Barendregt AM et al (2018) Imaging of the knee in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 48:818\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4015-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W439","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11314","volume":"202","author":"CM Nusman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nusman CM, Hemke R, Schonenberg D et al (2014) Distribution pattern of MRI abnormalities within the knee and wrist of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: Signature of disease activity. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202:W439\u2013W446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.13.11314","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"6807_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3752-x","volume":"25","author":"R Hemke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, Nusman CM et al (2015) Contrast-enhanced MRI features in the early diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol 25:3222\u20133229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-015-3752-x","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2770-9","volume":"23","author":"R Hemke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg JM et al (2013) The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol 23:1998\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-013-2770-9","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barendregt AM, Mazzoli V, van den Berg JM et al (2019) T1\u03c1-mapping for assessing knee joint cartilage in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - feasibility and repeatability. Pediatr Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-019-04557-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04557-4"},{"key":"6807_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.07.003","volume":"94","author":"R Hemke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hemke R, Nusman CM, van den Berg JM et al (2017) Construct validity of pixel-by-pixel DCEMRI:Correlation with conventional MRI scores in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Radiol 94:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.07.003","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4876-y","volume":"27","author":"AM Barendregt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barendregt AM, van Gulik EC, Lavini C et al (2017) Diffusion-weighted imaging for assessment of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a promising imaging biomarker as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents. Eur Radiol 27:4889\u20134899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-4876-y","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.01.003","volume":"88","author":"CM Nusman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusman CM, Hemke R, Lavini C et al (2017) Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can play a role in predicting flare in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Radiol 88:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.01.003","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2208-3","volume":"44","author":"AM Barendregt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barendregt AM, Nusman CM, Hemke R et al (2015) Feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis on 1.0-T open-bore MRI. Skeletal Radiol 44:1805\u20131811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-015-2208-3","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3168-z","volume":"24","author":"R Hemke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hemke R, Lavini C, Nusman CM et al (2014) Pixel-by-pixel analysis of DCE-MRI curve shape patterns in knees of active and inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur Radiol 24:1686\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-014-3168-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6807_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hilbert F, Holl-Wieden A, Sauer A, K\u00f6stler H, Neubauer H (2017) Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 47:681\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-3800-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3800-6"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1620776678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06807-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Robert Hemke.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study because the manuscript can be considered a review article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was not required because the manuscript can be considered a review article.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 Multicentre study","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}