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OC heights, width, and area were measured using standard 3D T1-weighted MRI. Sensitivity of these measures to detect neurodegeneration in the anterior optic pathway was assessed in receiver operating characteristics analyses. Correlation coefficients were used to assess associations with structural measures of the anterior optic pathway (optic nerve dimensions, retinal ganglion cell loss) and clinical measures (visual function and disease duration).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>OC heights and area were significantly smaller in NMOSD-ON compared to HC (NMOSD-ON vs. HC <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). An OC area <jats:italic>smaller than<\/jats:italic> 22.5\u00a0mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> yielded a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.92 in separating chiasms of NMOSD-ON from HC. OC area correlated well with structural and clinical measures in NMOSD-ON: optic nerve diameter (<jats:italic>r\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.59, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u20090<\/jats:italic>.003), global visual acuity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.57, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.013), and diseases duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results suggest that OC measures are promising and easily accessible imaging markers for the assessment of anterior optic pathway damage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Optic chiasm dimensions were smaller in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Optic chiasm dimensions are associated with retinal measures and visual dysfunction.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The optic chiasm might be used as an easily accessible imaging marker of neurodegeneration in the anterior optic pathway with potential functional relevance.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T23:03:41Z","timestamp":1587855821000},"page":"5048-5058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optic chiasm measurements may be useful markers of anterior optic pathway degeneration in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Valentin","family":"Juenger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera","family":"Chikermane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike Cosima","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Jarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kuchling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Asseyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bellmann-Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12271","volume":"176","author":"S Jarius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jarius S, Wildemann B, Paul F (2014) Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. 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Front Neurol 9:888","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T23:08:37Z","timestamp":1619392117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["6859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06859-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Friedemann Paul.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies:NS has received travel grants from Biogen Idec and sanofi-aventis\/Genzyme.SA received travel grants from Celgene GmbH, unrelated to this project.FCO was employed by Nocturne, unrelated to this project.HZ received research grants from Novartis, unrelated to this project.KR was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF\/KKNMS, Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis) and has received research support from Novartis and Merck Serono as well as speaking fees and travel grants from Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, sanofi-aventis\/Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Roche, and Novartis.JBS has received travel grants and speaking fees from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, sanofi-aventis\/Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Novartis.FP declares that he has received research grants and speaker\u2019s honoraria from Bayer Healthcare, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Genzyme, Merck and Co., Novartis, and MedImmune. He is also a member of the steering committee for the OCTIMS study (run by Novartis).AUB is cofounder and shareholder of technology start-ups Motognosis and Nocturne. He is named as inventor on several patent applications describing MS serum biomarkers, perceptive visual computing for motor function assessment and retinal image analysis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in PMID 31127016.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 Retrospective\u2022 Observational\u2022 Performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}