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Visual analysis was performed by two radiologists for the presence of ILD features. Gender, age, and pulmonary function (GAP) stage was calculated from clinical data (gender, age, pulmonary function test). Data augmentation was performed and the balanced dataset was split into a training (70%) and a testing dataset (30%). For selecting variables that allow classification of the GAP stage, single and multiple logistic regression models were fitted and compared by using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated from the area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Values for some radiomics features were significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) and those of other radiomics features were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.001) in patients with GAP2 compared with those in patients with GAP1. The combination of two specific radiomics features in a multivariable model resulted in the lowest AIC of 10.73 with an AUC of 0.96, 84% sensitivity, and 99% specificity. Visual assessment of fibrosis was inferior in predicting individual GAP stages (AUC 0.86; 83% sensitivity; 74% specificity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The correlation of radiomics with GAP stage, but not with the visually defined features of ILD-HRCT, implies that radiomics might capture features indicating severity of SSc-ILD on HRCT, which are not recognized by visual analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Radiomics features can predict GAP stage with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of almost 100%.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Extent of fibrosis on HRCT and a combined model of different visual HRCT-ILD features perform worse in predicting GAP stage.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The correlation of radiomics with GAP stage, but not with the visually defined features of ILD-HRCT, implies that radiomics might capture features on HRCT, which are not recognized by visual analysis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07293-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T22:03:03Z","timestamp":1602021783000},"page":"1987-1998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Applicability of radiomics in interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Martini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Baessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bogowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bl\u00fcthgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mannil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tanadini-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schniering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Frauenfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7293_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.176.3.2389033","volume":"176","author":"H Schurawitzki","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schurawitzki H, Stiglbauer R, Graninger W et al (1990) Interstitial lung disease in progressive systemic sclerosis: high-resolution CT versus radiography. 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