{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T08:18:43Z","timestamp":1781338723329,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the frequency of major complications after multi-probe stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) in a large cohort of patients over 15 years and to elucidate risk factors for adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective study was carried out between July 2003 and December 2018. Seven hundred ninety-three consecutive patients (median 65.0 years (0.3\u201388), 241 women and 552 men, were treated in 1235 SRFA sessions for 2475 primary and metastatic liver tumors with a median tumor size of 3.0 cm (0.5\u201318 cm). The frequency of major complications was evaluated according to SIR guidelines and putative predictors of adverse events analyzed using simple and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-day mortality after SRFA was 0.5% (6\/1235) with an overall major complication rate of 7.4% (91\/1235). The major complication rate decreased from 11.5% (36\/314) (before January 2011) to 6.0% (55\/921) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). 50.5% (46\/91) of major complications were successfully treated in the same anesthetic session by angiographic coiling for hemorrhage and chest tube insertion for pneumothorax. History of bile duct surgery\/intervention, number of coaxial needles, and location of tumors in segment IVa or VIII were independent prognostic factors for major complications following multivariable logistic regression analysis. Simple logistic regression revealed the number of tumors, tumor size, location close to the diaphragm, tumor conglomerate, and segment VII as other significant predictors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SRFA of liver tumors is safe and can extend the treatment spectrum of conventional RFA. Adaptations over time combined with increasing experience resulted in a significant decrease in complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>In 1235 ablation sessions in 793 patients over 15 years, we found a mortality rate of 0.5% (6\/1235) and an overall major complication rate of 7.4%, which fell from 11.5 (36\/314) to 6.0% (55\/921, p = 0.001) after January 2011, likely due to procedural adaptations.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>History of bile duct surgery\/intervention (p = 0.013, OR = 3.290), number of coaxial needles (p = 0.026, OR = 1.052), and location of tumors in segment IVa (p = 0.016, OR = 1.989) or VIII (p = 0.038, OR = 1.635) were found to be independent prognostic factors.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Simple logistic regression revealed that number of tumors, tumor size, location close to the diaphragm, tumor conglomerates, and segment VII were other significant predictors of major complications.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T05:23:40Z","timestamp":1604035420000},"page":"3042-3052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Frequency and risk factors for major complications after stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors in 1235 ablation sessions: a 15-year experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Schullian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Laimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Putzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Eberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Effenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Maglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Loizides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0021-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reto","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"7409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12069","volume":"15","author":"S Dokmak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dokmak S, Fteriche FS, Borscheid R, Cauchy F, Farges O, Belghiti J (2013) 2012 Liver resections in the 21st century: we are far from zero mortality. HPB (Oxford) 15:908\u2013915","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"7409_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0727-0","volume":"13","author":"NP Reuter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reuter NP, Woodall CE, Scoggins CR, McMasters KM, Martin RC (2009) Radiofrequency ablation vs. resection for hepatic colorectal metastasis: therapeutically equivalent? J Gastrointest Surg 13:486\u2013491","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"7409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12470","volume":"17","author":"ME Egger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Egger ME, Ohlendorf JM, Scoggins CR, McMasters KM, Martin RC 2nd (2015) Assessment of the reporting of quality and outcome measures in hepatic resections: a call for 90-day reporting in all hepatectomy series. HPB (Oxford) 17:839\u2013845","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"7409_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21933","volume":"47","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Meloni F, Di Stasi M et al (2008) Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Is resection still the treatment of choice? Hepatology 47:82\u201389","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160108700436","volume":"87","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Solbiati L (2001) Percutaneous treatment: radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer. Tumori 87:S69","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"7409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2012.00528.x","volume":"15","author":"T Taner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taner T, Atwell TD, Zhang L et al (2013) Adjunctive radiofrequency ablation of metastatic neuroendocrine cancer to the liver complements surgical resection. HPB (Oxford) 15:190\u2013195","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"7409_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.05.020","volume":"56","author":"JH Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang JH, Wang CC, Hung CH, Chen CL, Lu SN (2012) Survival comparison between surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation for patients in BCLC very early\/early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 56:412\u2013418","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2651","volume":"15","author":"WT Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong WT, Zhang WW, Qiu YD et al (2009) Major complications after radiofrequency ablation for liver tumors: analysis of 255 patients. World J Gastroenterol 15:2651\u20132656","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"7409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2262012198","volume":"226","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni MF, Gazelle GS, Halpern EF, Goldberg SN (2003) Treatment of focal liver tumors with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: complications encountered in a multicenter study. Radiology 226:441\u2013451","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142489","volume":"278","author":"W Shady","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shady W, Petre EN, Gonen M et al (2016) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases: factors affecting outcomes--a 10-year experience at a single center. Radiology 278:601\u2013611","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24607","volume":"115","author":"M Liao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liao M, Zhong X, Zhang J et al (2017) Radiofrequency ablation using a 10-mm target margin for small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis: A prospective randomized trial. J Surg Oncol 115:971\u2013979","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"7409_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laimer G, Schullian P, Jaschke N et al (2020) Minimal ablative margin (MAM) assessment with image fusion: an independent predictor for local tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma after stereotactic radiofrequency ablation. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06609-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06609-7"},{"key":"7409_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00841.x","volume":"41","author":"K Shirai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shirai K, Tamai H, Shingaki N et al (2011) Clinical features and risk factors of extrahepatic seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 41:738\u2013745","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"7409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21164","volume":"43","author":"T Teratani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teratani T, Yoshida H, Shiina S et al (2006) Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in so-called high-risk locations. Hepatology 43:1101\u20131108","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2314-0","volume":"22","author":"R Bale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bale R, Widmann G, Schullian P et al (2012) Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases. Eur Radiol 22:930\u2013937","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S293","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000094601.83406.e1","volume":"14","author":"RA Omary","year":"2003","unstructured":"Omary RA, Bettmann MA, Cardella JF et al (2003) Quality improvement guidelines for the reporting and archiving of interventional radiology procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14:S293\u2013S295","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-007-9283-4","volume":"33","author":"MH Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen MH, Yang W, Yan K et al (2008) Radiofrequency ablation of problematically located hepatocellular carcinoma: tailored approach. Abdom Imaging 33:428\u2013436","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"7409_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.05.007","volume":"57","author":"K Feng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feng K, Yan J, Li X et al (2012) A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 57:794\u2013802","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7409_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11168","volume":"97","author":"Y Komorizono","year":"2003","unstructured":"Komorizono Y, Oketani M, Sako K et al (2003) Risk factors for local recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma tumors after a single session, single application of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Cancer 97:1253\u20131262","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"7409_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000132297.97113.C4","volume":"15","author":"T Shibata","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shibata T, Maetani Y, Kubo T, Itoh K, Togashi K, Hiraoka M (2004) Transthoracic percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for liver tumors in the hepatic dome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 15:1323\u20131327","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cha DI, Kang TW, Song KD et al (2018) Radiofrequency ablation for subcardiac hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic outcomes and risk factors for technical failure. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5868-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5868-2"},{"key":"7409_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2954","volume":"195","author":"YS Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim YS, Lee WJ, Rhim H, Lim HK, Choi D, Lee JY (2010) The minimal ablative margin of radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (> 2 and < 5 cm) needed to prevent local tumor progression: 3D quantitative assessment using CT image fusion. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:758\u2013765","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"7409_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2019.1648886","volume":"36","author":"P Schullian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schullian P, Johnston EW, Putzer D, Eberle G, Laimer G, Bale R (2019) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of subcardiac hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Int J Hyperthermia 36:876\u2013885","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"7409_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.01.004","volume":"20","author":"BJ Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park BJ, Byun JH, Jin YH et al (2009) CT-guided radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas that were undetectable at US: therapeutic effectiveness and safety. J Vasc Interv Radiol 20:490\u2013499","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i4.608","volume":"12","author":"M Toyoda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Kakizaki S, Horiuchi K et al (2006) Computed tomography-guided transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma located in hepatic dome. World J Gastroenterol 12:608\u2013611","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"7409_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.05.002","volume":"60","author":"YK Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim YK, Kim CS, Lee JM, Chung GH, Chon SB (2006) Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in the hepatic dome with the CT-guided extrathoracic transhepatic approach. Eur J Radiol 60:100\u2013107","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1463-x","volume":"19","author":"I Song","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song I, Rhim H, Lim HK, Kim YS, Choi D (2009) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma abutting the diaphragm and gastrointestinal tracts with the use of artificial ascites: safety and technical efficacy in 143 patients. Eur Radiol 19:2630\u20132640","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44583","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44583","volume":"7","author":"H Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding H, Su M, Zhu C, Wang L, Zheng Q, Wan Y (2017) CT-guided versus laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma against the diaphragmatic dome. Sci Rep 7:44583","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7409_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-2007-z","volume":"41","author":"VD Vo Chieu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vo Chieu VD, Werncke T, Hensen B, Wacker F, Ringe KI (2018) CT-guided microwave ablation of liver tumors in anatomically challenging locations. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 41:1520\u20131529","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"7409_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02168.x","volume":"89","author":"S Mulier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mulier S, Mulier P, Ni Y et al (2002) Complications of radiofrequency coagulation of liver tumours. Br J Surg 89:1206\u20131222","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"7409_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.03.020","volume":"144","author":"JY Cho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cho JY, Han HS, Yoon YS, Shin SH (2008) Feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection for tumors located in the posterosuperior segments of the liver, with a special reference to overcoming current limitations on tumor location. Surgery 144:32\u201338","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"7409_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.09.010","volume":"189","author":"H Kaneko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaneko H, Takagi S, Otsuka Y et al (2005) Laparoscopic liver resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg 189:190\u2013194","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"7409_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5835-z","volume":"32","author":"M D'Hondt","year":"2018","unstructured":"D'Hondt M, Tamby E, Boscart I et al (2018) Laparoscopic versus open parenchymal preserving liver resections in the posterosuperior segments: a case-matched study. Surg Endosc 32:1478\u20131485","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"7409_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181bcaf63","volume":"250","author":"D Castaing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Castaing D, Vibert E, Ricca L, Azoulay D, Adam R, Gayet B (2009) Oncologic results of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in two specialized centers. Ann Surg 250:849\u2013855","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"7409_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4214-x","volume":"29","author":"L Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao L, Xiang LJ, Li JW, Chen J, Fan YD, Zheng SG (2015) Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in posterosuperior segments. Surg Endosc 29:2994\u20133001","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T10:31:33Z","timestamp":1618309893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["7409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07409-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Reto Bale.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One\u00a0of the authors (PS) has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Of the 883 patients, 545 have been previously reported:1Schullian P, Putzer D, Laimer G, Levy E, Bale R (2020) Feasibility, safety, and long-term efficacy of stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for tumors adjacent to the diaphragm in the hepatic dome: a case-control study. Eur Radiol 30:950-9602Schullian P, Johnston EW, Putzer D, Eberle G, Laimer G, Bale R (2020) Safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for very large (>\/=8 cm) primary and metastatic liver tumors. Sci Rep 10:16183Schullian P, Putzer D, Silva MA, Laimer G, Kolbitsch C, Bale R (2019) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors in octogenarians. Front Oncol 9:9294Schullian P, Laimer G, Putzer D, Effenberger M, Bale R (2019) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of primary liver tumors in the caudate lobe. HPB (Oxford). 10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.09.0085Schullian P, Johnston EW, Putzer D, Eberle G, Laimer G, Bale R (2019) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of subcardiac hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Int J Hyperthermia 36:876-8856Bale R, Richter M, Dunser M, Levy E, Buchberger W, Schullian P (2018) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for breast cancer liver metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 29:262-2677Bale R, Schullian P, Schmuth M, Widmann G, Jaschke W, Weinlich G (2016) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for metastatic melanoma to the liver. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 39:1128-11358Widmann G, Schullian P, Haidu M, Bale R (2012) Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of liver lesions: technique effectiveness, safety, and interoperator performance. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 35:570-5809Bale R, Widmann G, Schullian P et al (2012) Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases. Eur Radiol 22:930-937These prior articles dealt with complications only as a part objective whereas the current study expands on this by having a much larger patient number and includes new and much more profound analysis and comparisons.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 observational\u2022 performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}