{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:14:22Z","timestamp":1780604062617,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T19:02:56Z","timestamp":1606330976000},"page":"4277-4284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Magnetic resonance T1w\/T2w ratio in the middle cerebellar peduncle might be a sensitive biomarker for multiple system atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Koide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander U","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"7521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70288-1","volume":"8","author":"N Stefanova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stefanova N, B\u00fccke P, Duerr S, Wenning GK (2009) Multiple system atrophy: an update. Lancet Neurol 8:1172\u20131178","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00907.x","volume":"33","author":"JQ Trojanowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trojanowski JQ, Revesz T, Neuropathology Working Group on MSA (2007) Proposed neuropathological criteria for the post mortem diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 33:615\u2013620","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"7521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15","volume":"71","author":"S Gilman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilman S, Wenning GK, Low PA et al (2008) Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 71:670\u2013676","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7521_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22826","volume":"24","author":"Y Osaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osaki Y, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lees AJ, Wenning GK, Quinn NP (2009) A validation exercise on the new consensus criteria for multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 24:2272\u20132276","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22413","volume":"24","author":"DJ Brooks","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brooks DJ, Seppi K, Neuroimaging Working Group on MSA (2009) Proposed neuroimaging criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 24:949\u2013964","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.3.2305051","volume":"174","author":"M Savoiardo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Savoiardo M, Strada L, Girotti F et al (1990) Olivopontocerebellar atrophy: MR diagnosis and relationship to multisystem atrophy. Radiology 174:693\u2013696","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7521_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.65","volume":"65","author":"A Schrag","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schrag A, Kingsley D, Phatouros C et al (1998) Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65:65\u201371","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"7521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-001-0713-7","volume":"44","author":"H Naka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Naka H, Ohshita T, Murata Y, Imon Y, Mimori Y, Nakamura S (2002) Characteristic MRI findings in multiple system atrophy: comparison of the three subtypes. Neuroradiology 44:204\u2013209","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"7521_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.5.835","volume":"59","author":"K Bhattacharya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhattacharya K, Saadia D, Eisenkraft B et al (2002) Brain magnetic resonance imaging in multiple-system atrophy and Parkinson disease: a diagnostic algorithm. Arch Neurol 59:835\u2013842","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.04.008","volume":"10","author":"EA Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee EA, Cho HI, Kim SS, Lee WY (2004) Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging in subtypes of multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 10:363\u2013368","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.6.981","volume":"62","author":"K B\u00fcrk","year":"2005","unstructured":"B\u00fcrk K, B\u00fchring U, Schulz JB, Z\u00fchlke C, Hellenbroich Y, Dichgans J (2005) Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Arch Neurol 62:981\u2013985","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53980-y","volume":"9","author":"M Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim M, Ahn JH, Cho Y, Kim JS, Youn J, Cho JW (2019) Differential value of brain magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy cerebellar phenotype and spinocerebellar ataxias. Sci Rep 9:17329","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11597","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"MF Glasser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glasser MF, Van Essen DC (2011) Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by T1- and T2- weighted MRI. J Neurosci 31:11597\u201311616","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23481","volume":"38","author":"M Arshad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arshad M, Stanley JA, Raz N (2017) Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of in vivo myelin content indices: myelin water fraction and calibrated T1w\/T2w image ratio. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1780\u20131790","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"7521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.060","volume":"93","author":"MF Glasser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glasser MF, Goyal MS, Preuss TM, Raichle ME, Van Essen DC (2014) Trends and properties of human cerebral cortex: correlations with cortical myelin content. Neuroimage 93:165\u2013175","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25019","volume":"82","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Chen JT, Ontaneda D, Fox RJ, Trapp BD (2017) T1-\/T2-weighted ratio differs in demyelinated cortex in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 82:635\u2013639","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25376","volume":"85","author":"G Du","year":"2019","unstructured":"Du G, Lewis MM, Sica C, Kong L, Huang X (2019) Magnetic resonance T1w\/T2w ratio: a parsimonious marker for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 85:96\u2013104","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25560","volume":"74","author":"M Misaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Misaki M, Savitz J, Zotev V et al (2015) Contrast enhancement by combining T1- and T2-weighted structural brain MR images. Magn Reason Med 74:1609\u20131620","journal-title":"Magn Reason Med"},{"key":"7521_CR19","first-page":"1495","volume":"263","author":"G Cooper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cooper G, Finke C, Chien C et al (2019) Standardization of T1w\/T2w ratio improves detection of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 263:1495\u20131502","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","volume":"23","author":"SM Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Woolrich MW et al (2004) Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage 23:S208\u2013S219","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Brady M, Smith S (2001) Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20:45\u201357","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"7521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033","volume":"54","author":"V Fonov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fonov V, Evans AC, Botteron K et al (2011) Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. Neuroimage 54:313\u2013327","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.014","volume":"124","author":"KM van Baarsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Baarsen KM, Kleinnijenhuis M, Jbabdi S, Sotiropoulos SN, Grotenhuis JA, van Cappellen van Walsum AM (2016) A probabilistic atlas of the cerebellar white matter. Neuroimage 124:724\u2013732","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200410135","volume":"47","author":"R Fluss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fluss R, Faraggi D, Reiser B (2005) Estimation of the Youden index and its associated cutoff point. Biom J 47:458\u2013472","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"7521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12362","volume":"43","author":"J Brettschneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brettschneider J, Irwin DJ, Boluda S et al (2017) Progression of alpha-synuclein pathology in multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 43:315\u2013329","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"7521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5594-9","volume":"29","author":"SK Dash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dash SK, Stezin A, Takalkar T, George L, Kamble NL, Netravathi M et al (2019) Abnormalities of white and gray matter in early multiple system atrophy: comparison of parkinsonian and cerebellar variants. Eur Radiol 29:716\u2013724","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910200210","volume":"20","author":"SH Koenig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Koenig SH (1991) Cholesterol of myelin is the determinant of gray-white contrast in MRI of brain. Magn Reson Med 20:285\u2013291","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7521_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(96)00148-3","volume":"72","author":"E Miot-Noirault","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miot-Noirault E, Barantin L, Akoka S, Le Pape A (1997) T2 relaxation time as a marker of brain myelination: experimental MR study in two neonatal animal models. J Neurosci Methods 72:5\u201314","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"7521_CR29","first-page":"1099","volume":"21","author":"AJ Barkovich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barkovich AJ (2000) Concepts of myelin and myelination in neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1099\u20131109","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"7521_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.064","volume":"249","author":"I Yabe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yabe I, Soma H, Takei A, Fujiki N, Yanagihara T, Sasaki H (2006) MSA-C is the predominant clinical phenotype of MSA in Japan: analysis of 142 patients with probable MSA. J Neurol Sci 249:115\u2013121","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"7521_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.2.256","volume":"64","author":"M Tada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tada M, Onodera O, Tada M et al (2007) Early development of autonomic dysfunction may predict poor prognosis in patients with multiple system atrophy. Arch Neurol 64:256\u2013260","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"7521_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10290","volume":"17","author":"F Tison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tison F, Yekhlef F, Balestre E et al (2002) Application of the International Cooperative Ataxia Scale Rating in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 17:1248\u20131254","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10668","volume":"19","author":"I Hozumi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hozumi I, Piao YS, Inuzuka T et al (2004) Marked asymmetry of putaminal pathology in an MSA-P patient with Pisa syndrome. Mov Disord 19:470\u2013472","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR34","first-page":"tre-03-165-4252","volume":"3","author":"C Kaindlstorfer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaindlstorfer C, Granata R, Wenning GK (2013) Tremor in multiple system atrophy \u2013 a review. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 3:tre-03-165-4252-1","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"7521_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz189","volume":"142","author":"Y Miki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miki Y, Foti SC, Asi YT et al (2019) Improving diagnostic accuracy of multiple system atrophy: a clinicopathological study. Brain 142:2813\u20132827","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7521_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh303","volume":"127","author":"T Ozawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ozawa T, Paviour D, Quinn NP et al (2004) The spectrum of pathological involvement of the striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems in multiple system atrophy: clinicopathological correlations. Brain 127:2657\u20132671","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7521_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20255","volume":"19","author":"GK Wenning","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wenning GK, Tison F, Seppi K et al (2004) Development and validation of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS). Mov Disord 19:1391\u20131402","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7521_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101983","volume":"24","author":"G Operto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Operto G, Molinuevo JL, Cacciaglia R et al (2019) Interactive effect of age and APOE-\u03b54 allele load on white matter myelin content in cognitively normal middle-aged subjects. Neuroimage Clin 24:101983","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T19:10:36Z","timestamp":1621278636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07521-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Satoshi Kuwabara.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 case-control study\/observational\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}