{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:16:34Z","timestamp":1790039794571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T23:03:06Z","timestamp":1609974186000},"page":"5198-5205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Dixon-T2WI magnetic resonance imaging at 3\u00a0tesla outperforms conventional imaging for thyroid eye disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1085-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Ollitrault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Charbonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Herdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Berg\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Zuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama","family":"Giovansili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Launay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Savatovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Lecler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7540_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2008.03.003","volume":"18","author":"H Parmar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parmar H, Ibrahim M (2008) Extrathyroidal manifestations of thyroid disease: thyroid ophthalmopathy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 18:527\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2008.03.003","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"7540_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hiromatsu Y, Eguchi H, Tani J, Kasaoka M, Teshima Y (2014) Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: epidemiology and natural history. Intern Med 53:353\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1518","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1518"},{"key":"7540_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905750","volume":"362","author":"RS Bahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bahn RS (2010) Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 362:726\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0905750","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7540_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Berghout A, van der Gaag R (1989) Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 73:639\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.73.8.639","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.73.8.639"},{"key":"7540_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barrio-Barrio J, Sabater AL, Bonet-Farriol E, Vel\u00e1zquez-Villoria A, Galofr\u00e9 JC (2015) Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management. J Ophthalmol 2015:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/249125","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/249125"},{"key":"7540_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-156","volume":"57","author":"S Tachibana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tachibana S, Murakami T, Noguchi H et al (2010) Orbital magnetic resonance imaging combined with clinical activity score can improve the sensitivity of detection of disease activity and prediction of response to immunosuppressive therapy for Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Endocr J 57:853\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-156","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"7540_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000443828","volume":"5","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K et al (2016) The 2016 European Thyroid Association\/European Group on Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J 5:9\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000443828","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"7540_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siakallis LC, Uddin JM, Miszkiel KA (2018) Imaging investigation of thyroid eye disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001139","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001139"},{"key":"7540_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06570-5","volume":"30","author":"C Gagliardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gagliardo C, Radellini S, Morreale Bubella R et al (2020) Lacrimal gland herniation in Graves ophthalmopathy: a simple and useful MRI biomarker of disease activity. Eur Radiol 30:2138\u20132141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06570-5","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7540_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hiwatashi A, Togao O, Yamashita K, Momosaka D, Honda H (2018) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of extraocular muscles in patients with Grave\u2019s ophthalmopathy using turbo field echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation. Diagn Interv Imaging 99:457\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2018.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2018.02.007"},{"key":"7540_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garau LM, Guerrieri D, De Cristofaro F, Bruscolini A, Panzironi G (2018) Extraocular muscle sampled volume in Graves\u2019 orbitopathy using 3-T fast spin-echo MRI with iterative decomposition of water and fat sequences. Acta Radiol Open 7:2058460118780892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2058460118780892","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460118780892"},{"key":"7540_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rutkowska-Hinc B, Maj E, Jab\u0142o\u0144ska A, Milczarek-Banach J, Bednarczuk T, Mi\u015bkiewicz P (2018) Prevalence of radiological signs of dysthyroid optic neuropathy in magnetic resonance imaging in patients with active, moderate-to-severe, and very severe Graves orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J 7:88\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000486828","DOI":"10.1159\/000486828"},{"key":"7540_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17257-6","volume":"7","author":"T Higashiyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Higashiyama T, Iwasa M, Ohji M (2017) Quantitative analysis of inflammation in orbital fat of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using MRI signal intensity. Sci Rep 7:16874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-17257-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7540_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu L, Li L, Xie C, Guan M, Xue Y (2017) Thickness of extraocular muscle and orbital fat in MRI predicts response to glucocorticoid therapy in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2017:3196059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3196059","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3196059"},{"key":"7540_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0365-x","volume":"59","author":"T Higashiyama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Higashiyama T, Nishida Y, Morino K et al (2015) Use of MRI signal intensity of extraocular muscles to evaluate methylprednisolone pulse therapy in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 59:124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-014-0365-x","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7540_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600509","volume":"26","author":"F Tortora","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tortora F, Cirillo M, Ferrara M et al (2013) Disease activity in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: diagnosis with orbital MR imaging and correlation with clinical score. Neuroradiol J 26:555\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/197140091302600509","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"7540_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3103-3","volume":"24","author":"LS Politi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Politi LS, Godi C, Cammarata G et al (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of thyroid-associated orbitopathy: getting below the tip of the iceberg. Eur Radiol 24:1118\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-014-3103-3","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7540_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delfaut EM, Beltran J, Johnson G, Rousseau J, Marchandise X, Cotten A (1999) Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. Radiographics 19:373\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiographics.19.2.g99mr03373","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.2.g99mr03373"},{"key":"7540_CR19","unstructured":"Anzai Y, Lufkin RB, Jabour BA, Hanafee WN (1992) Fat-suppression failure artifacts simulating pathology on frequency-selective fat-suppression MR images of the head and neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13(3):879\u2013884"},{"key":"7540_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herrick RC, Hayman LA, Taber KH, Diaz-Marchan PJ, Kuo MD (1997) Artifacts and pitfalls in MR imaging of the orbit: a clinical review. Radiographics 17:707\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiographics.17.3.9153707","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.17.3.9153707"},{"key":"7540_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089263","volume":"153","author":"WT Dixon","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dixon WT (1984) Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 153:189\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089263","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7540_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21664","volume":"29","author":"R Kijowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kijowski R, Woods MA, Lee KS et al (2009) Improved fat suppression using multipeak reconstruction for IDEAL chemical shift fat-water separation: application with fast spin echo imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 29:436\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21664","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"7540_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0213459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213459","volume":"14","author":"L Duron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duron L, Balvay D, Vande Perre S et al (2019) Gray-level discretization impacts reproducible MRI radiomics texture features. PLoS One 14:e0213459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0213459","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7540_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37984-8","volume":"9","author":"A Lecler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lecler A, Duron L, Balvay D et al (2019) Combining multiple magnetic resonance imaging sequences provides independent reproducible radiomics features. Sci Rep 9:2068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-37984-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7540_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.05.003","volume":"6","author":"Y Kaichi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaichi Y, Tanitame K, Terada H et al (2019) Thyroid-associated orbitopathy: quantitative evaluation of the orbital fat volume and edema using IDEAL-FSE. Eur J Radiol Open 6:182\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.05.003","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"7540_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4859","volume":"37","author":"Y Kaichi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaichi Y, Tanitame K, Itakura H et al (2016) Orbital fat volumetry and water fraction measurements using T2-weighted FSE-IDEAL imaging in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:2123\u20132128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A4859","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"7540_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2307\/2529786","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics 33:363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529786","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"7540_CR28","unstructured":"R Core Team (2014) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. In: R Found. Stat. Comput. Vienna Austria. http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Accessed 2 April 2020\u00a0"},{"key":"7540_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0779","volume":"166","author":"C Marcocci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marcocci C, Watt T, Altea MA et al (2012) Fatal and non-fatal adverse events of glucocorticoid therapy for Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: a questionnaire survey among members of the European Thyroid Association. Eur J Endocrinol 166:247\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-11-0779","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"7540_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wendl CM, Eiglsperger J, Dendl L-M et al (2018) Fat suppression in magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck region: is the two-point DIXON technique superior to spectral fat suppression? Br J Radiol 20170078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20170078","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170078"},{"key":"7540_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaddikeri S, Mossa-Basha M, Andre JB, Hippe DS, Anzai Y (2018) Optimal fat suppression in head and neck MRI: comparison of multipoint Dixon with 2 different fat-suppression techniques, spectral presaturation and inversion recovery, and STIR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39:362\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A5483","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5483"},{"key":"7540_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03227-8","volume":"48","author":"WHF Huijgen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huijgen WHF, van Rijswijk CSP, Bloem JL (2019) Is fat suppression in T1 and T2 FSE with mDixon superior to the frequency selection-based SPAIR technique in musculoskeletal tumor imaging? Skeletal Radiol 48:1905\u20131914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-019-03227-8","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"7540_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28070","volume":"83","author":"O Jaubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jaubert O, Cruz G, Bustin A et al (2020) Water\u2013fat Dixon cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 83:2107\u20132123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.28070","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7540_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03271-4","volume":"48","author":"N van Vucht","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Vucht N, Santiago R, Lottmann B et al (2019) The Dixon technique for MRI of the bone marrow. Skeletal Radiol 48:1861\u20131874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-019-03271-4","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"7540_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sollmann N, M\u00f6nch S, Riederer I, Zimmer C, Baum T, Kirschke JS (2020) Imaging of the degenerative spine using a sagittal T2-weighted DIXON turbo spin-echo sequence. Eur J Radiol 131:109204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109204"},{"key":"7540_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69747-9","volume":"10","author":"CM Scannell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scannell CM, Correia T, Villa ADM et al (2020) Feasibility of free-breathing quantitative myocardial perfusion using multi-echo Dixon magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 10:12684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69747-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7540_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.01.011","volume":"51","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Fukuzawa K, Yamazaki H et al (2018) Multicenter, multivendor phantom study to validate proton density fat fraction and T2* values calculated using vendor-provided 6-point DIXON methods. Clin Imaging 51:38\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.01.011","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T10:10:15Z","timestamp":1624011015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07540-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Augustin Lecler.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 diagnostic study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}