{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:54:25Z","timestamp":1793973265300,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of 3D T1w spoiled gradient-echo (T1SGRE) and ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI sequences for the detection and assessment of vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes compared with conventional CT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fractures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44) and degenerative changes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60 spinal segments) were evaluated in 30 patients (65 \u00b1 14 years, 18 women) on CT and 3-T MRI, including CT-like images derived from T1SGRE and UTE. Two radiologists evaluated morphological features on both modalities: Genant and AO\/Magerl classifications, anterior\/posterior vertebral height, fracture age; disc height, neuroforaminal diameter, grades of spondylolisthesis, osteophytes, sclerosis, and facet joint degeneration. Diagnostic accuracy and agreement between MRI and CT and between radiologists were assessed using crosstabs, weighted \u03ba, and intraclass correlation coefficients. Image quality was graded on a Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For fracture detection, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.95, 0.98, and 0.97 for T1SGRE and 0.91, 0.96, and 0.95 for UTE. Agreement between T1SGRE and CT was substantial to excellent (e.g., Genant: <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>, 0.92 [95% confidence interval, 0.83\u20131.00]; AO\/Magerl: <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>, 0.90 [0.76\u20131.00]; osteophytes: <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>, 0.91 [0.82\u20131.00]; sclerosis: <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>, 0.68 [0.48\u20130.88]; spondylolisthesis: ICCs, 0.99 [0.99\u20131.00]). Agreement between UTE and CT was lower, ranging from moderate (e.g., sclerosis: <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>, 0.43 [0.26\u20130.60]) to excellent (spondylolisthesis: ICC, 0.99 [0.99\u20131.00]). Inter-reader agreement was substantial to excellent (0.52\u20131.00), respectively, for all parameters. Median image quality of T1SGRE was rated significantly higher than that of UTE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Morphologic assessment of bone pathologies of the spine using MRI was feasible and comparable to CT, with T1SGRE being more robust than UTE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes can be assessed on CT-like MR images, with 3D T1w spoiled gradient-echo\u2013based images showing a high diagnostic accuracy and agreement with CT.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 This could enable MRI to precisely assess bone morphology, and 3D T1SGRE MRI sequences may substitute additional spinal CT examinations in the future.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Image quality and robustness of T1SGRE sequences are higher than those of UTE MRI for the assessment of bone structures.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T15:23:43Z","timestamp":1610637823000},"page":"4680-4689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["CT-like images based on T1 spoiled gradient-echo and ultra-short echo time MRI sequences for the assessment of vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes of the spine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1803-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt J.","family":"Schwaiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kronthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian T.","family":"Gassert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Kirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios C.","family":"Karampinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Woertler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Gersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1070-3","volume":"15","author":"AK Burton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burton AK, Balague F, Cardon G et al (2006) Chapter 2. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. Eur Spine J 15(Suppl 2):S136\u2013S168","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7597_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","volume":"15","author":"O Airaksinen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C et al (2006) Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 15(Suppl 2):S192\u2013S300","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7597_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7249.1577","volume":"320","author":"KT Palmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Palmer KT, Walsh K, Bendall H, Cooper C, Coggon D (2000) Back pain in Britain: comparison of two prevalence surveys at an interval of 10 years. BMJ 320:1577\u20131578","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.10.007","volume":"27","author":"R Buchbinder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchbinder R, Blyth FM, March LM, Brooks P, Woolf AD, Hoy DG (2013) Placing the global burden of low back pain in context. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27:575\u2013589","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0206-y","volume":"18","author":"B Haussler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haussler B, Gothe H, Gol D, Glaeske G, Pientka L, Felsenberg D (2007) Epidemiology, treatment and costs of osteoporosis in Germany--the BoneEVA Study. Osteoporos Int 18:77\u201384","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-013-0136-1","volume":"8","author":"E Hernlund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergard M et al (2013) Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos 8:136","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"7597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.50","volume":"301","author":"D Bliuc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bliuc D, Nguyen ND, Milch VE, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Center JR (2009) Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women. JAMA 301:513\u2013521","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7597_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081720","volume":"181","author":"G Ioannidis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM et al (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ 181:265\u2013271","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"7597_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2019.08.001","volume":"29","author":"AM Shanechi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shanechi AM, Kiczek M, Khan M, Jindal G (2019) Spine anatomy imaging: an update. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 29:461\u2013480","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"7597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.01.060","volume":"67","author":"V Mandalia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mandalia V, Henson JH (2008) Traumatic bone bruising--a review article. Eur J Radiol 67:54\u201361","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E842","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000973","volume":"40","author":"A Piazzolla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piazzolla A, Solarino G, Lamartina C et al (2015) Vertebral bone marrow edema (VBME) in conservatively treated acute vertebral compression fractures (VCFs): evolution and clinical correlations. Spine 40:E842\u2013E848","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schegerer A, Loose R, Heuser LJ, Brix G (2019) Diagnostic Reference Levels for Diagnostic and Interventional X-Ray Procedures in Germany: Update and Handling. RoFo 191:739\u2013751","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0824-7603"},{"key":"7597_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2004.09.013","volume":"2","author":"CL Sistrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sistrom CL, McKay NL (2005) Costs, charges, and revenues for hospital diagnostic imaging procedures: differences by modality and hospital characteristics. J Am Coll Radiol 2:511\u2013519","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06515-y","volume":"30","author":"FE Lecouvet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lecouvet FE, Pasoglou V, Van Nieuwenhove S et al (2020) Shortening the acquisition time of whole-body MRI: 3D T1 gradient echo Dixon vs fast spin echo for metastatic screening in prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 30:3083\u20133093","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12121681","volume":"267","author":"RK Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee RK, Griffith JF, Tong MM, Sharma N, Yung P (2013) Glenoid bone loss: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology 267:496\u2013502","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7597_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2596-7","volume":"46","author":"SM Nordeck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nordeck SM, Koerper CE, Adler A et al (2017) Simulated radiographic bone and joint modeling from 3D ankle MRI: feasibility and comparison with radiographs and 2D MRI. Skeletal Radiol 46:651\u2013664","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5450-y","volume":"29","author":"AS Gersing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gersing AS, Pfeiffer D, Kopp FK et al (2019) Evaluation of MR-derived CT-like images and simulated radiographs compared to conventional radiography in patients with benign and malignant bone tumors. Eur Radiol 29:13\u201321","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28027","volume":"83","author":"YJ Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma YJ, Chen Y, Li L et al (2020) Trabecular bone imaging using a 3D adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort TE Cones sequence at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 83:1640\u20131651","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27718","volume":"82","author":"X Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu X, Jerban S, Wan L et al (2019) Three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging with tricomponent analysis for human cortical bone. Magn Reson Med 82:348\u2013355","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25545","volume":"75","author":"F Wiesinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiesinger F, Sacolick LI, Menini A et al (2016) Zero TE MR bone imaging in the head. Magn Reson Med 75:107\u2013114","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7597_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24713","volume":"41","author":"EY Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang EY, Du J, Chung CB (2015) UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal system. J Magn Reson Imaging 41:870\u2013883","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"7597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21620","volume":"60","author":"Y Qian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qian Y, Boada FE (2008) Acquisition-weighted stack of spirals for fast high-resolution three-dimensional ultra-short echo time MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 60:135\u2013145","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"7597_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","volume":"8","author":"HK Genant","year":"1993","unstructured":"Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC (1993) Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res 8:1137\u20131148","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7597_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221591","volume":"3","author":"F Magerl","year":"1994","unstructured":"Magerl F, Aebi M, Gertzbein SD, Harms J, Nazarian S (1994) A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur Spine J 3:184\u2013201","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7597_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a8a381","volume":"38","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Oner C, Kepler CK et al (2013) AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system: fracture description, neurological status, and key modifiers. Spine 38:2028\u20132037","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7597_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.121","volume":"122","author":"DM Hedderich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hedderich DM, Maegerlein C, Baum T et al (2019) Differentiation of acute\/subacute versus old vertebral fractures in multislice detector computed tomography: is magnetic resonance imaging always needed? World Neurosurg 122:e676\u2013e683","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7597_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000556","volume":"11","author":"W Frobin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frobin W, Brinckmann P, Kramer M, Hartwig E (2001) Height of lumbar discs measured from radiographs compared with degeneration and height classified from MR images. Eur Radiol 11:263\u2013269","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111930","volume":"264","author":"N Mamisch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mamisch N, Brumann M, Hodler J et al (2012) Radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of spinal stenosis: results of a Delphi survey. Radiology 264:174\u2013179","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7597_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1029-9","volume":"15","author":"HJ Wilke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilke HJ, Rohlmann F, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Werner K, Claes L, Kettler A (2006) Validity and interobserver agreement of a new radiographic grading system for intervertebral disc degeneration: Part I. Lumbar spine. Eur Spine J 15:720\u2013730","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"7597_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050503","volume":"28","author":"D Weishaupt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Boos N, Hodler J (1999) MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints. Skeletal Radiol 28:215\u2013219","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","volume":"70","author":"J Cohen","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70:213\u2013220","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"7597_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000506","volume":"54","author":"T Finkenstaedt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finkenstaedt T, Siriwanarangsun P, Achar S et al (2019) Ultrashort time-to-echo magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T for the detection of spondylolysis in cadaveric spines: comparison with CT. Invest Radiol 54:32\u201338","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E592","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002432","volume":"43","author":"B Berg-Johansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berg-Johansen B, Han M, Fields AJ et al (2018) Cartilage endplate thickness variation measured by ultrashort echo-time MRI is associated with adjacent disc degeneration. Spine 43:E592\u2013E600","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7597_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519878170","volume":"47","author":"RE Breighner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Breighner RE, Bogner EA, Lee SC, Koff MF, Potter HG (2019) Evaluation of osseous morphology of the hip using zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med 47:3460\u20133468","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"7597_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170906","volume":"286","author":"RE Breighner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breighner RE, Endo Y, Konin GP, Gulotta LV, Koff MF, Potter HG (2018) Technical developments: zero echo time imaging of the shoulder: enhanced osseous detail by using MR imaging. Radiology 286:960\u2013966","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7597_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002462","volume":"43","author":"EC Argentieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Argentieri EC, Koff MF, Breighner RE, Endo Y, Shah PH, Sneag DB (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of zero-echo time MRI for the evaluation of cervical neural foraminal stenosis. Spine 43:928\u2013933","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"7597_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560100329","volume":"30","author":"M Qaiyum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qaiyum M, Tyrrell PN, McCall IW, Cassar-Pullicino VN (2001) MRI detection of unsuspected vertebral injury in acute spinal trauma: incidence and significance. Skeletal Radiol 30:299\u2013304","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"7597_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.167.3.3363134","volume":"167","author":"L Yao","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yao L, Lee JK (1988) Occult intraosseous fracture: detection with MR imaging. Radiology 167:749\u2013751","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1624011251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0938-7994","1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0938-7994","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Benedikt J. Schwaiger, MD.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors has significant statistical expertise (Benedikt J. Schwaiger, 11 years of experience in biostatistics).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 diagnostic or prognostic study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}