{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:25:14Z","timestamp":1783441514280,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z181100001718135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100001718135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology - China-Japan Friendship Hospital Biomedical Transformation Joint Fund Project","award":["PYBZ1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYBZ1804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To summarize the occurrence of operative failures after microwave ablation (MWA) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), analyze the possible reasons, and explore strategies for preventing and managing these situations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed 91 pHPT patients who underwent MWA from April 2015 to November 2019. A cure was defined as the reestablishment of normal calcium homeostasis lasting a minimum of 6 months. An operative failure was defined as a failure to normalize serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and\/or calcium levels at 6 months or longer. Patients who encountered operative failures were compared with patients who were successfully cured.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eighty-eight pHPT patients, consisting of 29 men and 59 women, were finally enrolled. The median follow-up duration was 15.9 months (IQR, 6.1\u201331.5 months). Seventy-eight patients (78\/88, 88.6%) were cured. Ten (10\/88, 11.4%) patients experienced operative failure, including 9 persistent pHPT (10.2%) and 1 (1.1%) recurrent pHPT. Small parathyroid nodules (maximum diameter &lt; 0.6 cm) and incomplete ablation were the two key factors leading to operative failure. Of the 9 patients with a maximum nodule diameter less than 0.6 cm, 77.8% (7\/9) of them encountered operative failure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Operative failure occurred in 11.4% of the pHPT patients who underwent MWA. The possibility of operative failure was increased when the maximum diameter of parathyroid nodule was less than 0.6 cm. Complete ablation could help avoid operative failure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Failed to ablate the target lesion and incomplete ablation were the key factors attributed to operative failures.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 When the maximum diameter of the parathyroid nodules is less than 0.6 cm, the possibility of operative failure was higher.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07761-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T09:03:47Z","timestamp":1614675827000},"page":"6522-6530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A study on the causes of operative failures after microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhen-long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cao","family":"Xiao-jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li-li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ming-an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31430-7","volume":"391","author":"JP Bilezikian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Bandeira L, Khan A, Cusano NE (2018) Hyperparathyroidism. 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