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Claustrophobia included premature termination, sedation, and coping actions. The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) was completed before self-hypnosis and after MR imaging. Results were compared to a control cohort of 89 patients examined on the same open MR scanner using logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Furthermore, patients were asked about their preferences for future imaging.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was significantly fewer claustrophobia in the self-hypnosis group (16%; 9\/55), compared with the control group (43%; 38\/89; odds ratio .14; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .001). Self-hypnosis patients also needed less sedation (2% vs 16%; 1\/55 vs 14\/89; odds ratio .1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .008) and non-sedation coping actions (13% vs 28%; 7\/55 vs 25\/89; odds ratio .3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .02). Self-hypnosis did not influence the CLQ results measured before and after MR imaging (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .79). Self-hypnosis reduced the frequency of claustrophobia in the subgroup of patients above an established CLQ cut-off of .33 from 47% (37\/78) to 18% (9\/49; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002). In the subgroup below the CLQ cut-off of 0.33, there were no significant differences (0% vs 9%, 0\/6 vs 1\/11; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.0). Most patients (67%; 35\/52) preferred self-hypnosis for future MR examinations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Self-hypnosis reduced claustrophobia in high-risk patients undergoing imaging in an open MR scanner and might reduce the need for sedation and non-sedation coping actions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Forty percent of the patients at high risk for claustrophobia may also experience a claustrophobic event in an open MR scanner.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Self-hypnosis while listening to an audio in the waiting room before the examination may reduce claustrophobic events in over 50% of patients with high risk for claustrophobia.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Self-hypnosis may also reduce the need for sedation and other time-consuming non-sedation coping actions and is preferred by high-risk patients for future examinations.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07887-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T09:38:33Z","timestamp":1618479513000},"page":"4483-4491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Audio-guided self-hypnosis for reduction of claustrophobia during MR imaging: results of an observational 2-group study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adriane E.","family":"Napp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Diekhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olf","family":"Stoiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Enders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Diederichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Martus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023494","volume":"6","author":"J Enders","year":"2011","unstructured":"Enders J, Zimmermann E, Rief M et al (2011) Reduction of claustrophobia with short-bore versus open magnetic resonance imaging: a randomized controlled trial. 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Adriane Napp.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: activities not related to the present article: received institutional grants from Siemens Medical Solutions, GE Healthcare, Toshiba Medical Systems, and Philips Medical Systems","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Prof. Dr. Peter Martus kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Only if the study is on human subjects:Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) who were offered audio-guided self-hypnosis in the study.For the retrospective cohort, written informed consent was waved by the institutional review board, since the claustrophobia questionnaire is a validated instrument. The patients were informed by the investigators and gave oral consent.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective study with comparison to retrospective cohort\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}