{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:39:39Z","timestamp":1787683179442,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["unrelated to current study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrelated to current study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the frequency, intensity, and clinical impact of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG-avidity of axillary lymph nodes after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in patients referred for oncological FDG PET\/CT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred forty patients referred for FDG PET\/CT during February and March 2021 after first or second vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna were retrospectively included. FDG-avidity of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes was measured and compared. Assuming no knowledge of prior vaccination, metastatic risk was analyzed by two readers and the clinical impact was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FDG PET\/CT showed FDG-avid lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection in 75\/140 (54%) patients with a mean SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of 5.1 (range 2.0 \u2013 17.3). FDG-avid lymph nodes were more frequent in patients vaccinated with Moderna than Pfizer-BioNTech (36\/50 [72%] vs. 39\/90 [43%] cases, <jats:italic>p <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). Metastatic risk of unilateral FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes was rated unlikely in 52\/140 (37%), potential in 15\/140 (11%), and likely in 8\/140 (6%) cases. Clinical management was affected in 17\/140 (12%) cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes are common after COVID-19 vaccination. The avidity of lymph nodes is more frequent in Moderna compared to that in Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. To avoid relatively frequent clinical dilemmas, we recommend carefully taking the history for prior vaccination in patients undergoing FDG PET\/CT and administering the vaccine contralateral to primary cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 PET\/CT showed FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site in 54% of 140 oncological patients after COVID-19 vaccination.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 FDG-avid lymphadenopathy was observed significantly more frequently in Moderna compared to patients receiving Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccines.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Patients should be screened for prior COVID-19 vaccination before undergoing PET\/CT to enable individually tailored recommendations for clinical management.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08122-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T09:03:02Z","timestamp":1624352582000},"page":"508-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["[18F]FDG uptake of axillary lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination in oncological PET\/CT: frequency, intensity, and potential clinical impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"Skawran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio G.","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Dittli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Treyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs J.","family":"Muehlematter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene A.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e4cilia","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Messerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Gr\u00fcnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Gebhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"Huellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Curioni-Fontecedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Messerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8122_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.08.013","volume":"15","author":"G Pontone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pontone G, Scafuri S, Mancini ME et al (2021) Role of computed tomography in COVID-19. 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Dr. Michael Messerli and Dr. Irene Burger received a research grant from the Iten-Kohaut Foundation, Switzerland. Dr. Michael Messerli and Dr. Huellner are supported by a grant from the CRPP AI Oncological Imaging Network of the University of Zurich. Dr. Martin W. Huellner received grants from GE Healthcare and a fund by the Alfred and Annemarie von Sick legacy for translational and clinical cardiac and oncological research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 observational study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}