{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1783426505355,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To correlate the radiological assessment of the mastoid facial canal in postoperative cochlear implant (CI) cone-beam CT (CBCT) and other possible contributing clinical or implant-related factors with postoperative facial nerve stimulation (FNS) occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two experienced radiologists evaluated retrospectively 215 postoperative post-CI CBCT examinations. The mastoid facial canal diameter, wall thickness, distance between the electrode cable and mastoid facial canal, and facial-chorda tympani angle were assessed. Additionally, the intracochlear position and the insertion angle and depth of electrodes were evaluated. Clinical data were analyzed for postoperative FNS within 1.5-year follow-up, CI type, onset, and causes for hearing loss such as otosclerosis, meningitis, and history of previous ear surgeries. Postoperative FNS was correlated with the measurements and clinical data using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Within the study population (mean age: 56 \u00b1 18 years), ten patients presented with FNS. The correlations between FNS and facial canal diameter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.09), wall thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.27), distance to CI cable (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.44), and angle with chorda tympani (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.75) were statistically non-significant. There were statistical significances for previous history of meningitis\/encephalitis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), extracochlear-electrode-contacts (<jats:italic>p <\/jats:italic>= 0.002), scala-vestibuli position (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.02), younger patients\u2019 age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), lateral-wall-electrode type (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), and early\/childhood onset hearing loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Histories of meningitis\/encephalitis and extracochlear-electrode-contacts were included in the first two steps of the multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mastoid-facial canal radiological assessment and the positional relationship with the CI electrode provide no predictor of postoperative FNS. Histories of meningitis\/encephalitis and extracochlear-electrode-contacts are important risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Post-operative radiological assessment of the mastoid facial canal and the positional relationship with the CI electrode provide no predictor of post-cochlear implant facial nerve stimulation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Radiological detection of extracochlear electrode contacts and the previous clinical history of meningitis\/encephalitis are two important risk factors for postoperative facial nerve stimulation in cochlear implant patients.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The presence of scala vestibuli electrode insertion as well as the lateral wall electrode type, the younger patient\u2019s age, and early onset of SNHL can play important role in the prediction of post-cochlear implant facial nerve stimulation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08128-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T17:03:31Z","timestamp":1625504611000},"page":"234-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Postoperative radiological assessment of the mastoid facial canal in cochlear implant patients in correlation with facial nerve stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Burck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania A.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagy N. N.","family":"Naguib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour-Eldin A.","family":"Nour-Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Erik","family":"Scholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Leinung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"St\u00f6ver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Lehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Vogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"8128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3716-4","volume":"273","author":"A Dietz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dietz A, Wennstr\u00f6m M, Lehtim\u00e4ki A, L\u00f6pp\u00f6nen H, Valtonen H (2016) Electrode migration after cochlear implant surgery: more common than expected? 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Vogl.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 Retrospective\u2022 case-control study\u2022 Performed at one institution","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}