{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:55:26Z","timestamp":1793912126475,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"order\">\n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Primary investigation of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder should be with abdominal ultrasound. Routine use of other imaging modalities is not recommended presently, but further research is needed. In centres with appropriate expertise and resources, alternative imaging modalities (such as contrast-enhanced and endoscopic ultrasound) may be useful to aid decision-making in difficult cases. Strong recommendation, low\u2013moderate\u00a0quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Cholecystectomy is recommended in patients with polypoid lesions of the gallbladder measuring 10\u00a0mm or more, providing the patient is fit for, and accepts, surgery. Multidisciplinary discussion may be employed to assess perceived individual risk of malignancy. Strong recommendation, low-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Cholecystectomy is suggested for patients with a polypoid lesion and symptoms potentially attributable to the gallbladder if no alternative cause for the patient\u2019s symptoms is demonstrated and the patient is fit for, and accepts, surgery. The patient should be counselled regarding the benefit of cholecystectomy versus the risk of persistent symptoms. Strong recommendation, low-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>If the patient has a 6\u20139\u00a0mm polypoid lesion of the gallbladder and one or more risk factors for malignancy, cholecystectomy is recommended if the patient is fit for, and accepts, surgery. These risk factors are as follows: age more than 60\u00a0years, history of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), Asian ethnicity, sessile polypoid lesion (including focal gallbladder wall thickening\u2009&gt;\u20094\u00a0mm). Strong recommendation, low\u2013moderate\u00a0quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>If the patient has either no risk factors for malignancy and a gallbladder polypoid lesion of 6\u20139\u00a0mm, or risk factors for malignancy and a gallbladder polypoid lesion 5\u00a0mm or less, follow-up ultrasound of the gallbladder is recommended at 6\u00a0months, 1\u00a0year and 2\u00a0years. Follow-up should be discontinued after 2\u00a0years in the absence of growth. Moderate strength recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>If the patient has no risk factors for malignancy, and a gallbladder polypoid lesion of 5\u00a0mm or less, follow-up is not required. Strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>If during follow-up the gallbladder polypoid lesion grows to 10\u00a0mm, then cholecystectomy is advised. If the polypoid lesion grows by 2\u00a0mm or more within the 2-year follow-up period, then the current size of the polypoid lesion should be considered along with patient risk factors. Multidisciplinary discussion may be employed to decide whether continuation of monitoring, or cholecystectomy, is necessary. Moderate strength recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>If during follow-up the gallbladder polypoid lesion disappears, then monitoring can be discontinued. Strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  \n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Source and scope<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These guidelines are an update of the 2017 recommendations developed between the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), European Association for Endoscopic Surgery and other Interventional Techniques (EAES), International Society of Digestive Surgery\u2013European Federation (EFISDS) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). A targeted literature search was performed to discover recent evidence concerning the management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps. The changes within these updated guidelines were formulated after consideration of the latest evidence by a group of international experts. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Point<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 These recommendations update the 2017 European guidelines regarding the management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:17:25Z","timestamp":1639700245000},"page":"3358-3368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps: updated joint guidelines between the ESGAR, EAES, EFISDS and ESGE"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kieran G.","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max J.","family":"Lahaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruedi F.","family":"Thoeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Soltes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Dewhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin Traian","family":"Barbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh K.","family":"Vashist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren Rafael","family":"Rafaelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Arvanitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Perinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart Ashley","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al (2021) Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3):209\u2013249","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"8384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20537","volume":"93","author":"MC Misra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Misra MC, Guleria S (2006) Management of cancer gallbladder found as a surprise on a resected gallbladder specimen. J Surg Oncol 93(8):690\u2013698","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4742-y","volume":"27","author":"R Wiles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiles R, Thoeni R, Barbu S et al (2017) Management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps: joint guidelines between the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), European Association for Endoscopic Surgery and other Interventional Techniques (EAES), International Society of Digestive Surgery - European Federation (EFISDS) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Eur Radiol 27(9):3856\u20133866","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"8384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plumb AAO, Lambregts D, Bellini D, Stoker J, Taylor S, ESGAR Research Committee (2019) Making useful clinical guidelines: the ESGAR perspective. Eur Radiol 29(7):3757\u20133760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-6002-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"8384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.001","volume":"63","author":"MC Brouwers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP et al (2010) AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. J Clin Epidemiol 63(12):1308\u20131311","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"8384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE et al (2008) GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.\u00a0BMJ\u00a0336(7650):924\u2013926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.011617","volume":"61","author":"E Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin E, Gill R, Debru E (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography for gallbladder polyps: systematic review. Can J Surg 61(3):200\u2013207","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"8384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.01.003","volume":"250","author":"O Pickering","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pickering O, Pucher PH, Toale C et al (2020) Prevalence and sonographic detection of gallbladder polyps in a Western European population. J Surg Res 250:226\u2013231","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR9","first-page":"305","volume":"90","author":"E Spaziani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spaziani E, Di Cristofano C, Di Filippo AR et al (2019) Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder in a consecutive series of 2631 patients. A single-center experience. Ann Ital Chir 90(4):305\u2013310","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2019.10.010","volume":"26","author":"A Lodhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lodhi A, Waite K, Alam I (2020) The accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosis of gallbladder polyps. Radiography 26(2):e52\u2013e55","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"10","key":"8384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808401027","volume":"84","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Y, Tejirian T, Collins JC (2018) Gallbladder polyps: real or imagined? Am Surg 84(10):1670\u20131674","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"8384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metman MJH, Olthof PB, van der Wal JBC, van Gulik TM, Roos D, Dekker JWT (2020) Clinical relevance of gallbladder polyps; is cholecystectomy always necessary? HPB (Oxford) 22(4):506\u2013510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.08.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W150","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11992","volume":"204","author":"JH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim JH, Lee JY, Baek JH et al (2015) High-resolution sonography for distinguishing neoplastic gallbladder polyps and staging gallbladder cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 204(2):W150-159","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"8384_CR14","first-page":"CD012233","volume":"8","author":"SZ Wennmacker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wennmacker SZ, Lamberts MP, Di Martino M, Drenth JP, Gurusamy KS, van Laarhoven CJ (2018) Transabdominal ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound for diagnosis of gallbladder polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD012233","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i6.744","volume":"24","author":"H-P Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H-P, Bai M, Gu J-Y, He Y-Q, Qiao X-H, Du L-F (2018) Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder lesion. World J Gastroenterol 24(6):744\u2013751","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"8384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang B, Li W, Wang W et al (2018) Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography improves the diagnostic specificity for gallbladder-confined focal tumors. Abdom Radiol (NY) 43(5):1134\u20131142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1268-3"},{"issue":"7","key":"8384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-015-0485-x","volume":"40","author":"X Fei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fei X, Lu W-P, Luo Y-K et al (2015) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may distinguish gallbladder adenoma from cholesterol polyps: a prospective case-control study. Abdom Imaging 40(7):2355\u20132363","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-190639","volume":"74","author":"Y Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong Y, Liu L, Cao Q et al (2020) Differential diagnosis of focal gallbladder lesions: the added value of contrast enhanced ultrasound with liner transducers. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 74(2):167\u2013178","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"7","key":"8384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06123-w","volume":"29","author":"JS Bae","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bae JS, Kim SH, Kang H-J et al (2019) Quantitative contrast-enhanced US helps differentiating neoplastic vs non-neoplastic gallbladder polyps. Eur Radiol 29(7):3772\u20133781","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"8384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miwa H, Numata K, Sugimori K et al (2019) Differential diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Radiol (NY) 44(4):1367\u20131378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1833-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(15)60351-4","volume":"14","author":"H-X Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan H-X, Cao J-Y, Kong W-T, Xia H-S, Wang X, Wang W-P (2015) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of gallbladder adenoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 14(2):201\u2013207","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.02.003","volume":"85","author":"Y Kitazume","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kitazume Y, Taura S-I, Nakaminato S et al (2016) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate malignant from benign gallbladder disorders. Eur J Radiol 85(4):864\u2013873","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-018-0176-2","volume":"50","author":"V Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta V, Vishnu KS, Yadav TD et al (2019) Radio-pathological correlation of 18F-FDG PET in characterizing gallbladder wall thickening. J Gastrointest Cancer 50(4):901\u2013906","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"8384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, Liu Y, Guo Y, Chai R, Niu M, Xu K (2020) Utility of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced CT and clinical data in the differentiation of benign and malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions. Abdom Radiol (NY) 45(8):2449\u20132458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02461-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4954-1","volume":"28","author":"TW Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi TW, Kim JH, Park SJ, Ahn SJ, Joo I, Han JK (2018) Risk stratification of gallbladder polyps larger than 10 mm using high-resolution ultrasonography and texture analysis. Eur Radiol 28(1):196\u2013205","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06385-4","volume":"30","author":"SB Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee SB, Lee Y, Kim SJ et al (2020) Intraobserver and interobserver reliability in sonographic size measurements of gallbladder polyps. Eur Radiol 30(1):206\u2013212","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6444-1","volume":"33","author":"SZ Wennmacker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wennmacker SZ, van Dijk AH, Raessens JHJ et al (2019) Polyp size of 1cm is insufficient to discriminate neoplastic and non-neoplastic gallbladder polyps. Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech 33(5):1564\u20131571","journal-title":"Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2018.03.005","volume":"42","author":"SR Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee SR, Kim HO, Shin JH (2019) Reasonable cholecystectomy of gallbladder polyp - 10 years of experience. Asian J Surg 42(1):332\u2013337","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2018.12.15","volume":"8","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Y, Yang Z, Lan X, Tan H (2019) Neoplastic polyps in gallbladder: a retrospective study to determine risk factors and treatment strategy for gallbladder polyps. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 8(3):219\u2013227","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000503100","volume":"37","author":"S Onda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onda S, Futagawa Y, Gocho T et al (2020) A preoperative scoring system to predict carcinoma in patients with gallbladder polyps. Dig Surg 37(4):275\u2013281","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"8384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i14.4248","volume":"21","author":"HY Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park HY, Oh SH, Lee KH, Lee JK, Lee KT (2015) Is cholecystectomy a reasonable treatment option for simple gallbladder polyps larger than 10 mm? World J Gastroenterol 21(14):4248\u20134254","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000900","volume":"52","author":"J-I Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang J-I, Lee JK, Ahn DG et al (2018) Predictive model for neoplastic potential of gallbladder polyp. J Clin Gastroenterol 52(3):273\u2013276","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2017.09.003","volume":"18","author":"IS Sarici","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sarici IS, Duzgun O (2017) Gallbladder polypoid lesions >15mm as indicators of T1b gallbladder cancer risk. Arab J Gastroenterol 18(3):156\u2013158","journal-title":"Arab J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3910-1","volume":"26","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee J, Kim Y et al (2016) US characteristics for the prediction of neoplasm in gallbladder polyps 10 mm or larger. Eur Radiol 26(4):1134\u20131140","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8384_CR35","first-page":"1537","volume":"101","author":"P Ungarreevittaya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ungarreevittaya P, Thammaroj J, Jenwitheesuk K (2018) Clinical factors predictive of GB adenoma\/carcinoma in patients with GB polyps. J Med Assoc Thai 101(11):1537\u20131541","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"9","key":"8384_CR36","first-page":"11569","volume":"8","author":"J Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo J, Wu G, Zhou Z (2015) Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: report of 160 cases with special reference to diagnosis and treatment in China. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8(9):11569\u201311578","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3476-0","volume":"21","author":"A Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu A, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhao G, Cai J, Huang A (2017) Gallbladder polypoid-lesions: what are they and how should they be treated? A single-center experience based on 1446 cholecystectomy patients. J Gastrointest Surg 21(11):1804\u20131812","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-016-0422-4","volume":"49","author":"T Aliyazicioglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aliyazicioglu T, Carilli S, Emre A et al (2017) Contribution of gallbladder polyp surgery to treatment. Eur Surg Acta Chirurgica Austriaca 49(1):23\u201326","journal-title":"Eur Surg Acta Chirurgica Austriaca"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"8384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.07.061","volume":"33","author":"M Elmasry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elmasry M, Lindop D, Dunne DFJ, Malik H, Poston GJ, Fenwick SW (2016) The risk of malignancy in ultrasound detected gallbladder polyps: a systematic review. Int J Surg 33(Pt A):28\u201335","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14326","volume":"40","author":"LW van Erp","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Erp LW, Cunningham M, Narasimman M et al (2020) Risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and radiographically detected gallbladder polyps. Liver Int 40(2):382\u2013392","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"8384_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1276","volume":"2","author":"BT Sagvand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sagvand BT, Edwards K, Shen B (2018) Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of gallbladder polyps in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case-control study. Hepatol Commun 2(12):1440\u20131445","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-015-1302-2","volume":"400","author":"BI Babu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Babu BI, Dennison AR, Garcea G (2015) Management and diagnosis of gallbladder polyps: a systematic review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 400(4):455\u2013462","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8384_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2017.16698","volume":"28","author":"SG Terzioglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terzioglu SG, Kilic MO, Sapmaz A, Karaca AS (2017) Predictive factors of neoplastic gallbladder polyps: Outcomes of 278 patients. Turk J Gastroenterol 28(3):202\u2013206","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8384_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2017.06.004","volume":"154","author":"N Golse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Golse N, Lewin M, Rode A, Sebagh M, Mabrut JY (2017) Gallbladder adenomyomatosis: diagnosis and management. J Visc Surg 154(5):345\u2013353","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"8384_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e205143","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5143","volume":"3","author":"J-L Szpakowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szpakowski J-L, Tucker L-Y (2020) Outcomes of gallbladder polyps and their association with gallbladder cancer in a 20-year cohort. JAMA Network Open 3(5):e205143","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"8384_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.05.022","volume":"10","author":"S Sebastian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sebastian S, Araujo C, Neitlich JD, Berland LL (2013) Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, Part 4: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee II on gallbladder and biliary findings. J Am Coll Radiol 10(12):953\u2013956","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8384_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0846537120928349","volume":"71","author":"JR Bird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bird JR, Brahm GL, Fung C, Sebastian S, Kirkpatrick IDC (2020) Recommendations for the management of incidental hepatobiliary findings in adults: endorsement and adaptation of the 2017 and 2013 ACR Incidental Findings Committee White Papers by the Canadian Association of Radiologists Incidental Findings Working Group. Can Assoc Radiol J 71(4):437\u2013447","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"8384_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.1948","volume":"147","author":"V Cairns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cairns V, Neal CP, Dennison AR, Garcea G (2012) Risk and cost-effectiveness of surveillance followed by cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps. Arch Surg 147(12):1078\u20131083","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"8384_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel K, Dajani K, Vickramarajah S, Huguet E (2019) Five year experience of gallbladder polyp surveillance and cost effective analysis against new European consensus guidelines. HPB (Oxford) 21(5):636\u2013642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2018.10.008"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"8384_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.03.012","volume":"75","author":"M Daglish","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daglish M, Franklin J (2020) Service evaluation: GB polyp surveillance. Clin Radiol 75(Supplement 1):e1\u2013e2","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T16:03:26Z","timestamp":1650902606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["8384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08384-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Kieran Foley.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study because these are guidelines and no individual patient data were used.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was not required because these are guidelines and no individual patient data were used.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"\u2022 Guideline development using Delphi consensus method.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}