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Asymmetry indexes of the hippocampus were calculated for each imaging modality, which then enter logistic regression models as univariate or multivariate for lateralization. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings and clinical decisions were collected as gold standard.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Routine structural MRI and T2w-FLAIR lateralized 47.8% (22\/46) of MTLE patients, and FDG PET lateralized 84.8% (39\/46). T2 mapping combined with [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET improved the lateralization accuracy by correctly lateralizing 95.6% (44\/46) of MTLE patients. The asymmetry indexes of hippocampal T2 relaxometry and PET exhibit complementary tendency in detecting individual laterality, especially for MR-negative patients. In the quantitative analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -score maps, the ipsilateral hippocampus had significantly lower SUVR (LTLE,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; RTLE,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and higher T2 value (LTLE,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; RTLE,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) compared to the contralateral hippocampus. In logistic regression models, PET\/T2 combination resulted in the highest AUC of 0.943 in predicting lateralization for MR-negative patients, followed by PET (AUC = 0.857) and T2 (AUC = 0.843).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combination of quantitative T2 mapping and [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET could improve lateralization for temporal lobe epilepsy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Quantitative T2 mapping and<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>18<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>F-FDG PET are complementary in the characterization of hippocampal alterations of MR-negative temporal lobe epilepsy patients.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>The combination of quantitative T2 and<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>18<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>F-FDG PET obtained from hybrid PET\/MR could improve lateralization for temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08707-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T22:05:32Z","timestamp":1648505132000},"page":"6108-6117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Combined quantitative T2 mapping and [18F]FDG PET could improve lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qikang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"8707_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220","volume":"307","author":"J Engel Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Engel J Jr, McDermott MP, Wiebe S et al (2012) Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a randomized trial. 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