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The baseline data were balanced through propensity score matching. Clinical cure was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between the MWA and PTX groups. The risk factors related to persistent or recurrent pHPT were screening out using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After propensity score matching, a total of 174 patients were enrolled in the present study, with 87 patients in each group. During the follow-up period (median, 28.5 months), there were no differences between the two groups regarding the clinical cure (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.81-3.62; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .155), persistent pHPT rate (13.8% vs. 10.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .643), recurrent pHPT rate (6.9% vs. 3.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .496), or major complications (6.9% vs. 3.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .496). MWA resulted in a shorter procedure time (30 min vs. 60 min), smaller incision length (0.1 cm vs. 7 cm) and slightly higher costs (25745 CNY vs. 24111 CNY) (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). High levels of preoperative intact parathyroid hormone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .01) and multiple pHPT nodules (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) were independent risk factors for recurrent and persistent pHPT in the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MWA and PTX have comparable clinical outcomes for pHPT. MWA has a shorter procedure time and smaller incision length.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 There were no differences in terms of clinical cure, persistent pHPT, recurrent pHPT, or major complications between MWA and PTX in the treatment of pHPT.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 MWA is minimally invasive and results in a shorter procedure time.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Multiple nodules and high levels of iPTH were the independent risk factors for recurrent and persistent pHPT.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08759-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T23:02:27Z","timestamp":1649199747000},"page":"5821-5830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Microwave ablation versus parathyroidectomy for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-long","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-li","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-4564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-an","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"8759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31430-7","volume":"391","author":"JP Bilezikian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Bandeira L, Khan A, Cusano NE (2018) Hyperparathyroidism. 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