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We determined its value in rotator cuff (RC) muscle imaging by studying the association of DMI parameters to isometric strength and fat fraction (FF).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Healthy individuals prospectively underwent 3T-MRI of the shoulder using DMI and chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging. RC muscles were segmented and quantitative MRI metrics (V-ISO, free fluid; V-intra, compartment inside of muscle fibers; V-extra, compartment outside of muscle fibers, and FF) were extracted. Isometric shoulder strength was quantified using specific clinical tests. Sex-related differences were assessed with Student\u2019s <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>. Association of DMI-metrics, FF, and strength was tested. A factorial two-way ANOVA was performed to compare the main effects of sex and external\/internal strength-ratio and their interaction effects on quantitative imaging parameters ratios of infraspinatus\/subscapularis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 22 participants (mean age: 26.7 \u00b1 3.1 years, 50% female, mean BMI: 22.6 \u00b1 1.9 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), FF of the individual RC muscles did not correlate with strength or DMI parameters (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Subjects with higher V-intra (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.57 to 0.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and lower V-ISO (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.6 to \u22120.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) had higher internal and external rotation strength. Moreover, V-intra was higher and V-ISO was lower in all RC muscles in males compared to female subjects (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). There was a sex-independent association of external\/internal strength-ratio with the ratio of V-extra of infraspinatus\/subscapularis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Quantitative DMI parameters may provide incremental information about muscular function and microstructure in young athletes and may serve as a potential biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Diffusion microstructure imaging was successfully applied to non-invasively assess the microstructure of rotator cuff muscles in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Sex-related differences in the microstructural composition of the rotator cuff were observed.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Muscular microstructural metrics correlated with rotator cuff strength and may serve as an imaging biomarker of muscular integrity and function.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09202-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T03:20:19Z","timestamp":1667013619000},"page":"1565-1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of diffusion microstructure imaging in musculoskeletal radiology \u2014 translation from head to shoulders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5881-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Rau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia M.","family":"Jungmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierno D.","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Reisert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Eisenblaetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Bamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.018","volume":"28","author":"DA Lansdown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lansdown DA, Morrison C, Zaid MB et al (2019) Preoperative IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of Echoes of Asymmetrical Length) magnetic resonance imaging rotator cuff muscle fat fractions are associated with rotator cuff repair outcomes. 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