{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:10:27Z","timestamp":1788545427845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Yuzhong District","award":["20190111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T09:09:04Z","timestamp":1681722544000},"page":"6054-6065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Deep learning\u2013assisted diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors based on contrast-enhanced CT: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youquan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9568_CR1","unstructured":"Bussu F, Parrilla C, Rizzo D, Almadori G, Paludetti G,\u00a0Galli J (2011) Clinical approach and treatment of benign and malignant parotid masses, personal experience. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 31:135\u201343"},{"key":"9568_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820932512","volume":"164","author":"MG Moore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore MG, Yueh B, Lin DT et al (2021) Controversies in the workup and surgical management of parotid neoplasms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 164:27\u201336","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9568_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001837","volume":"46","author":"B Alzumaili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alzumaili B, Xu B, Saliba M et al (2022) Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of primary and recurrent pleomorphic adenoma: a single institution retrospective study of 705 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 46:854\u2013862","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"9568_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu CC, Jethwa AR, Khariwala SS,\u00a0Johnson J, Shin JJ\u00a0(2016) Sensitivity, specificity, and posttest probability of parotid fine-needle aspiration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 154:9\u201323","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815607841"},{"key":"9568_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24339","volume":"124","author":"BL Witt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Witt BL, Schmidt RL (2014) Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 124:695\u2013700","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9568_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5131-0","volume":"275","author":"P Zbaren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zbaren P, Triantafyllou A, Devaney KO et al (2018) Preoperative diagnostic of parotid gland neoplasms: fine-needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 275:2609\u20132613","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"431\u2013443","key":"9568_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.06.014","volume":"128","author":"X Kong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kong X, Li H, Han Z (2019) The diagnostic role of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography\/computed tomography, and real-time elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 128(431\u2013443):e431","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3755-7","volume":"25","author":"H Kato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kato H, Kanematsu M, Watanabe H et al (2015) Perfusion imaging of parotid gland tumours: usefulness of arterial spin labeling for differentiating Warthin\u2019s tumours. Eur Radiol 25:3247\u20133254","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171528","volume":"288","author":"BKH Law","year":"2018","unstructured":"Law BKH, King AD, Ai QY et al (2018) Head and neck tumors: amide proton transfer MRI. Radiology 288:782\u2013790","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9568_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0290","volume":"22","author":"G Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma G, Xu XQ, Zhu LN et al (2021) Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging for assessing parotid gland tumors: correlation and comparison with arterial spin labeling imaging. Korean J Radiol 22:243\u2013252","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01167-2","volume":"14","author":"R Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao R, Zhao S, Aishanjiang K et al (2021) Deep learning for differential diagnosis of malignant hepatic tumors based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced CT and clinical data. J Hematol Oncol 14:154","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"9568_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181371","volume":"290","author":"A Rodriguez-Ruiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Ruiz A, Krupinski E, Mordang JJ et al (2019) Detection of breast cancer with mammography: effect of an artificial intelligence support system. Radiology 290:305\u2013314","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9568_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Zhou D, Liu H,\u00a0Wen M\u00a0(2022) CT-based radiomics analysis of different machine learning models for differentiating benign and malignant parotid tumors. Eur Radiol 32:6953\u20136964","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08830-3"},{"key":"9568_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07483-4","volume":"31","author":"YM Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng YM, Li J, Liu S et al (2021) MRI-Based radiomics nomogram for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the parotid gland. Eur Radiol 31:4042\u20134052","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang YJ, Huang TY, Liu YJ,\u00a0Chung HW, Juan CJ\u00a0(2021) Classification of parotid gland tumors by using multimodal MRI and deep learning. NMR Biomed 34:e4408","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4408"},{"key":"9568_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunduz E, Al\u00e7in OF, Kizilay A, Yildirim IO\u00a0(2022) Deep learning model developed by multiparametric MRI in differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumors.\u00a0Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol\u00a0279:5389\u20135399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07455-y"},{"key":"9568_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40360","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3064752","volume":"9","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Lai H, Wang Y et al (2021) Research on the classification of benign and malignant parotid tumors based on transfer learning and a convolutional neural network. IEEE Access 9:40360\u201340371","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9568_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan J, Fan Y, Lv X et al (2020) Research on the practical classification and privacy protection of CT images of parotid tumors based on ResNet50 model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1576","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1576\/1\/012040"},{"key":"9568_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15027-z","volume":"11","author":"X Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng X, Yao Z, Huang Y et al (2020) Deep learning radiomics can predict axillary lymph node status in early-stage breast cancer. Nat Commun 11:1236","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9568_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316204","volume":"68","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Lu X, Zhou H et al (2019) Deep learning radiomics of shear wave elastography significantly improved diagnostic performance for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: a prospective multicentre study. Gut 68:729\u2013741","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9568_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","volume":"521","author":"Y Lecun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lecun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521:436\u2013444","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9568_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913898","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.913898","volume":"12","author":"Q Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Q, Wang A, Gu J et al (2022) Multiphasic CT-based radiomics analysis for the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumors. Front Oncol 12:913898","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"9568_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08943-9","volume":"32","author":"Z He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Z, Mao Y, Lu S et al (2022) Machine learning-based radiomics for histological classification of parotid tumors using morphological MRI: a comparative study. Eur Radiol 32:8099\u20138110","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraju RR, Cogswell M, Das A, Vedantam R, Parikh D, Batra D (2020) Grad-CAM: visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization. International Journal of Computer Vision 128:336\u2013359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01228-7"},{"key":"9568_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8874100","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8874100","volume":"2021","author":"H Zuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zuo H (2021) The clinical characteristics and CT findings of parotid and submandibular gland tumours. J Oncol 2021:8874100","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"9568_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tartaglione T, Botto A, Sciandra M et al (2015) Differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumours: which magnetic resonance findings should be taken in account?\u00a0Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 35:314\u2013320","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-693"},{"key":"9568_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aasen MH, Hutz MJ, Yuhan BT, Britt CJ (2022) Deep lobe parotid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 166:60\u201367","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211009235"},{"key":"9568_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coudert H, Mirafzal S, Dissard A, Boyer L, Montoriol PF (2021) Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of parotid tumors: a systematic review. Diagn Interv Imaging 102:121\u2013130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2020.08.002"},{"key":"9568_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30762-9","volume":"20","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang S, Zhang Q et al (2019) Diagnosis of thyroid cancer using deep convolutional neural network models applied to sonographic images: a retrospective, multicohort, diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol 20:193\u2013201","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"9568_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Ajmi E, Forghani B, Reinhold C,\u00a0Bayat M, Forghani R (2018) Spectral multi-energy CT texture analysis with machine learning for tissue classification: an investigation using classification of benign parotid tumours as a testing paradigm. Eur Radiol 28:2604\u20132611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5214-0"},{"key":"9568_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000839","volume":"57","author":"SB Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SB, Cho YJ, Hong Y et al (2022) Deep learning-based image conversion improves the reproducibility of computed tomography radiomics features: a phantom study. Invest Radiol 57:308\u2013317","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190928","volume":"293","author":"M Meyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meyer M, Ronald J, Vernuccio F et al (2019) Reproducibility of CT radiomic features within the same patient: influence of radiation dose and CT reconstruction settings. Radiology 293:583\u2013591","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9568_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000795","volume":"56","author":"O Jimenez-Del-Toro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jimenez-Del-Toro O, Aberle C, Bach M et al (2021) The discriminative power and stability of radiomics features with computed tomography variations: task-based analysis in an anthropomorphic 3d-printed CT phantom. Invest Radiol 56:820\u2013825","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02469-z","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Meng Z, Fan X et al (2022) Deep learning radiomics of dual-modality ultrasound images for hierarchical diagnosis of unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy. BMC Med 20:269","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"9568_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07568-0","volume":"31","author":"N Fujima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujima N, Andreu-Arasa VC, Onoue K et al (2021) Utility of deep learning for the diagnosis of otosclerosis on temporal bone CT. Eur Radiol 31:5206\u20135211","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9568_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard A, Sandler M, Chen B et al (2019) Searching for MobileNetV3. In: 2019 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 1314-1324","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00140"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T15:13:58Z","timestamp":1691680438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-023-09568-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Juan Peng.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors (Juan Peng) has significant statistical expertise and is identified as the statistical guarantor for the statistical analysis used in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the institutional review board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in <i>Front Oncol<\/i>. 2022;12:913898. .","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 diagnostic or prognostic study\u2022 multicenter study","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}