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The first one was a multicentre observational clinical study aimed at studying the natural history of ADPKD (Petzold et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014). For the purpose of this study, only MRI and clinical baseline data acquired in the Bergamo centre were used. The second one was a pharmacological clinical trial in ADPKD patients (Trillini et al Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023). In this case only baseline MR and clinical data were used for the purpose of this study. The third one is an observational study performed in healthy volunteers and aimed at creating an MRI control dataset for MRI studies performed in kidney disease patients (never published). Anyway, this study, aiming at providing evidence of DWI potential in ADPKD, has completely different objectives from the previous clinical studies.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 observational\u2022 performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}