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This study aimed to optimise a multi-shell readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (rs-DWI) protocol and develop a novel post-processing pipeline to delineate the facial-vestibulocochlear complex within the skull base region, evaluating its accuracy intraoperatively using neuronavigation and tracked electrophysiological recordings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a prospective study of five healthy volunteers and five patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma surgery, rs-DWI was performed and colour tissue maps (CTM) and probabilistic tractography of the cranial nerves were generated. In patients, the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) and 95% Hausdorff distance (HD-95) were calculated with reference to the neuroradiologist-approved facial nerve segmentation. The accuracy of patient results was assessed intraoperatively using neuronavigation and tracked electrophysiological recordings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using CTM alone, the facial-vestibulocochlear complex of healthy volunteer subjects was visualised on 9\/10 sides. CTM were generated in all 5 patients with vestibular schwannoma enabling the facial nerve to be accurately identified preoperatively. The mean ASSD between the annotators\u2019 two segmentations was 1.11\u00a0mm (SD 0.40) and the mean HD-95 was 4.62\u00a0mm (SD 1.78). The median distance from the nerve segmentation to a positive stimulation point was 1.21\u00a0mm (IQR 0.81\u20133.27\u00a0mm) and 2.03\u00a0mm (IQR 0.99\u20133.84\u00a0mm) for the two annotators, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>rs-DWI may be used to acquire dMRI data of the cranial nerves within the posterior fossa.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging and colour tissue mapping provide 1\u20132\u00a0mm spatially accurate imaging of the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex, enabling accurate preoperative localisation of the facial nerve. This study evaluated the technique in 5 healthy volunteers and 5 patients with vestibular schwannoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (rs-DWI) with colour tissue mapping (CTM) visualised the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex on 9\/10 sides in 5 healthy volunteer subjects.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Using rs-DWI and CTM, the facial nerve was visualised in all 5 patients with vestibular schwannoma and within 1.21\u20132.03\u00a0mm of the nerve\u2019s true intraoperative location.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Reproducible results were obtained on different scanners.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09736-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T03:31:27Z","timestamp":1686972687000},"page":"8067-8076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diffusion MRI of the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex: a prospective clinical validation study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0291-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Shapey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sjoerd B.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4596-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5591-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques-Donald","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakeel R.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1655-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reuben","family":"Dorent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1553-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1794-0456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Vercauteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Yousry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Bisdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Ourselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn102","volume":"19","author":"G Gong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gong G, He Y, Concha L et al (2009) Mapping anatomical connectivity patterns of human cerebral cortex using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging tractography. 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