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GFR may be expressed in absolute terms (mL\/min) or adjusted\/indexed to body surface area, relative GFR (mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Absolute and relative GFR have been used interchangeably to evaluate the risk of CI-AKI, which may be confusing and a potential source of errors. Relative GFR should be used to assess the GFR category of renal function as a sign of the degree of kidney damage and sensitivity for CI-AKI. Absolute GFR represents the excretion capacity of the individual and may be used to calculate the gram-iodine\/absolute GFR ratio, an index of systemic drug exposure (amount of contrast medium in the body) that relates to toxicity. It has been found to be an independent predictor of AKI following percutaneous coronary angiography and interventions but has not yet been fully validated for computed tomography (CT). Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal gram-iodine\/absolute GFR ratio to predict AKI at various stages of renal function at CT. Only GFR estimation (eGFR) equations based on standardized creatinine and\/or cystatin\u00a0C assays should be used. eGFR<jats:sub>cystatin\u00a0C<\/jats:sub>\/eGFR<jats:sub>creatinine<\/jats:sub> ratio\u2009&lt; 0.6\u00a0indicating selective glomerular hypofiltration syndrome may have a stronger predictive power for postcontrast\u00a0AKI than creatinine\u2010based eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Once the degree of kidney damage is established by estimating <jats:italic>relative<\/jats:italic> GFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), contrast dose in relation to renal excretion capacity [gram-iodine\/<jats:italic>absolute<\/jats:italic> GFR (mL\/min)] may be the best index to evaluate the risk of contrast-induced kidney injury.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR; mL\/min\/1.73 m<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>) should be used to assess the GFR category as a sign of the degree of kidney damage and sensitivity to contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Absolute GFR (mL\/min) is the individual\u2019s actual excretion capacity and the contrast-dose\/absolute GFR ratio is a measure of systemic exposure (amount of contrast medium in the body), relates to toxicity and should be expressed in gram-iodine\/absolute GFR (mL\/min).<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal contrast medium dose\/GFR ratio predicting the risk of CI-AKI at CT and intra-arterial examinations.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09962-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T10:01:35Z","timestamp":1691143295000},"page":"612-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Absolute and relative GFR and contrast medium dose\/GFR ratio: cornerstones when predicting the risk of acute kidney injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Nyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Leander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Liss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sterner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torkel","family":"Brismar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9962_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0191-y","volume":"16","author":"AS Levey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levey AS, Coresh J, Tighiouart H, Greene T, Inker LA (2019) Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate: current status and future directions. 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The other authors of this\u00a0manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study because it did not include any patients.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was not required because this was not a study on patients or animals.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 Not applicable","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}