{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:56:55Z","timestamp":1789390615528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-E71005-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-E71005-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-E71003-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-E71003-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-P71001-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-P71001-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-E71003-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-E71003-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1I1A1A01071011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1I1A1A01071011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01065700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A1A01065700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1A2B4012155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1A2B4012155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI20C0469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI20C0469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and ICT","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C1007611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C1007611"]}]},{"name":"Korea University Ansan Hospital","award":["K2011091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2011091"]}]},{"name":"Seoul Metropolitan Government","award":["BT220014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT220014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Repetitive unbalances and tensions generated by inspiratory efforts against an obstructive upper airway during sleep predispose the development of expiratory central airway collapse. In addition, structures of the upper airway between men and women have differences and could be the reasons for differences in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence between genders. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between parameters of expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse measured using chest multidetector CT and objectively measured OSA severity between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 901 participants who underwent chest CT and overnight in-home polysomnography from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were cross-sectionally analyzed (women: 46.2%). The participants were divided into three groups based on OSA severity by apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of central airway collapse after adjustment for cardiovascular-related covariates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a multivariate analysis, percentages of expiratory lumen structure reductions involving area, diameter, and perimeter were associated with AHI (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and with OSA severity (moderate-to-severe OSA than no OSA: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.30%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03; <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.05%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02; <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.97%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02, respectively) in women, whereas men had only a greater percentage of expiratory wall thickness reduction in moderate-to-severe OSA than no OSA (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.72%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). In addition, women with both mild OSA and moderate-to-severe OSA had higher expiratory tracheal collapse than men without OSA, and a moderate effect of sex was observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for interaction\u2009=\u20090.007).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse was independently associated with severity of OSA in women than in men.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Differences of pharyngeal structures and inherent features of airways by genders may affect the dissimilarities in vulnerability to sleep apnea between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The expiratory dynamic tracheal collapse was independently associated with severity of OSA in women than in men.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Women with over mild OSA had higher expiratory tracheal collapse<\/jats:italic><jats:italic> than men without OSA, and moderate effect of sex was observed.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 Structural differences of airway may affect differences in susceptibility of sleep apnea between genders.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1699974149000},"page":"3730-3741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gender differences in association between expiratory dynamic airway collapse and severity of obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Soriul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Yeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Tanweer","family":"Siddiquee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Ryeong","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Seop","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.06.011","volume":"167","author":"S Mariani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mariani S, Fiore D, Barbaro G et al (2013) Association of epicardial fat thickness with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in obese patients. Int J Cardiol 167(5):2244\u20132249","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10322_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00029315","volume":"46","author":"T Gaisl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaisl T, Bratton DJ, Kohler M (2015) The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on the aorta. Eur Respir J 46(2):532\u2013544","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10322_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","volume":"177","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH et al (2013) Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol 177(9):1006\u20131014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10322_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9911064","volume":"163","author":"EO Bixler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM et al (2001) Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(3 Pt 1):608\u2013613","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10322_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440200055007","volume":"156","author":"T Young","year":"1996","unstructured":"Young T, Hutton R, Finn L, Badr S, Palta M (1996) The gender bias in sleep apnea diagnosis. Are women missed because they have different symptoms? Arch Intern Med 156(21):2445\u201351","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10322_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.8118642","volume":"149","author":"S Redline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Redline S, Kump K, Tishler PV, Browner I, Ferrette V (1994) Gender differences in sleep disordered breathing in a community-based sample. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149(3 Pt 1):722\u2013726","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10322_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.4.409","volume":"25","author":"F Kapsimalis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kapsimalis F, Kryger MH (2002) Gender and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, part 1: clinical features. Sleep 25(4):412\u2013419","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10322_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00043210","volume":"37","author":"E Sforza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sforza E, Chouchou F, Collet P et al (2011) Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea in an elderly French population. Eur Respir J 37(5):1137\u20131143","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10322_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.13078\/jsm.190047","volume":"16","author":"S Ayub","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayub S, Won CHJ (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea in women. J Sleep Med 16(2):75\u201380","journal-title":"J Sleep Med"},{"key":"10322_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.05.003","volume":"34","author":"SD Murgu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murgu SD, Colt HG (2013) Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse. Clin Chest Med 34:527\u2013555","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10322_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210155","volume":"42","author":"A Aslam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aslam A, Cardenas LD, Morrison RJ et al (2022) Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse: current concepts and future directions. Radiographics 42(4):1012\u20131027","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10322_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2521081958","volume":"252","author":"PM Boiselle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boiselle PM, O\u2019Donnell CR, Bankier AA et al (2009) Tracheal collapsibility in healthy volunteers during forced expiration: assessment with multidetector CT. Radiology 252(1):255\u2013262","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10322_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2017.11.015","volume":"39","author":"K Hammond","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hammond K, Ghori UK, Musani AI (2018) Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse. Clin Chest Med 39(1):223\u2013228","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10322_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.984","volume":"127","author":"KA Carden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, Ernst A (2005) Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest 127:984\u20131005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10322_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41606-020-00045-z","volume":"4","author":"TD Crowhurst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crowhurst TD, Tcherveniakov P, Lorraine B et al (2020) Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with dynamic intra-thoracic central airway collapse: results of a 10-year multi-centre retrospective analysis. Sleep Science and Practice 4:8","journal-title":"Sleep Science and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10322_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02093.x","volume":"17","author":"S Isono","year":"2012","unstructured":"Isono S (2012) Obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea: mechanisms for increased collapsibility of the passive pharyngeal airway. Respirology 17(1):32\u201342","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10322_CR17","first-page":"A5037","volume":"191","author":"M Ehtisham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ehtisham M, Munir RA, Klopper E, Hammond K, Musani AI (2015) Correlation between tracheobronchomalacia\/hyper dynamic airway collapse and obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191:A5037","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10322_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2005.05.008","volume":"26","author":"CA Peters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peters CA, Altose MD, Coticchia JM (2005) Tracheomalacia secondary to obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Otolaryngol 26(6):422\u2013425","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10322_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s41606-018-0030-2","volume":"2","author":"CA Kolakowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kolakowski CA, Rollins DR, Jennermann T et al (2018) Clarifying the link between sleep disordered breathing and tracheal collapse: a retrospective analysis. Sleep Science and Practice 2:10","journal-title":"Sleep Science and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10322_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900959","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00959-2019","volume":"55","author":"S Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim S, Lee KY, Kim NH et al (2020) Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea severity and subclinical systemic atherosclerosis. Eur Respir J 55(2):1900959","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10322_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-906OC","volume":"171","author":"C Shin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shin C, Kim JY, Kim JY et al (2005) Association of habitual snoring with glucose and insulin metabolism in nonobese Korean adult men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:287\u2013291","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10322_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.8","volume":"168","author":"I Baik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baik I, Kim J, Abbott RD et al (2008) Association of snoring with chronic bronchitis. Arch Intern Med 168:167\u2013173","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10322_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","volume":"8","author":"RB Berry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ et al (2012) Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 8:597\u2013619","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"10322_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000077","volume":"38","author":"JY Choo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choo JY, Lee KY, Shin C et al (2014) Quantitative analysis of lungs and airways with CT in subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) candidate FAM13A gene: case control study for CT quantification in COPD risk gene. J Comput Assist Tomogr 38:597\u2013603","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10322_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03887.x","volume":"60","author":"JA Seo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seo JA, Cho H, Eun CR et al (2012) Association between visceral obesity and sarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency in older Koreans: the Ansan Geriatric Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 60(4):700\u2013706","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10322_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0204","volume":"20","author":"HJ Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park HJ, Lee SM, Choe J et al (2019) Prediction of treatment response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by determination of airway dimensions with baseline computed tomography. Korean J Radiol 20:304\u2013312","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10322_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2008.9.3.226","volume":"9","author":"N Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim N, Seo JB, Song KS et al (2008) Semi-automatic measurement of the airway dimension by computed tomography using the full-width-half-maximum method: a study on the measurement accuracy according to the CT parameters and size of the airway. Korean J Radiol 9:226\u2013235","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10322_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.5.7582313","volume":"152","author":"RJ Schwab","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwab RJ, Gupta KB, Gefter WB et al (1995) Upper airway and soft tissue anatomy in normal subjects and patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Significance of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 152(5 Pt 1):1673\u201389","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10322_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-866OC","volume":"168","author":"RJ Schwab","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwab RJ, Pasirstein M, Pierson R et al (2003) Identification of upper airway anatomic risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(5):522\u2013530","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10322_CR30","first-page":"115","volume":"60","author":"WH Bacon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bacon WH, Turlot JC, Krieger J, Stierle JL (1990) Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal obstructive factors in patients with sleep apneas syndrome. Angle Orthod 60(2):115\u2013122","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10322_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.01.007","volume":"31","author":"BC Neelapu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK et al (2017) Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies. Sleep Med Rev 31:79\u201390","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10322_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.5.1385","volume":"148","author":"RJ Schwab","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schwab RJ, Gefter WB, Hoffman EA, Gupta KB, Pack AI (1993) Dynamic upper airway imaging during awake respiration in normal subjects and patients with sleep disordered breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis 148(5):1385\u20131400","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10322_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.19431","volume":"315","author":"SP Bhatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhatt SP, Terry NL, Nath H et al (2016) Association between expiratory central airway collapse and respiratory outcomes among smokers. JAMA 315(5):498\u2013505","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10322_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.586658","volume":"8","author":"YI Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim YI, Schroeder J, Lynch D et al (2011) Gender differences of airway dimensions in anatomically matched sites on CT in smokers. COPD 8(4):285\u2013292","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"3","key":"10322_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212985","volume":"305","author":"SP Bhatt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatt SP, Bodduluri S, Nakhmani A et al (2022) Sex differences in airways at chest CT: results from the COPDGene Cohort. Radiology 305(3):699\u2013708","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10322_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.2009032","volume":"165","author":"T Watanabe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Isono S, Tanaka A, Tanzawa H, Nishino T (2002) Contribution of body habitus and craniofacial characteristics to segmental closing pressures of the passive pharynx in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165(2):260\u2013265","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"154","key":"10322_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030-2019","volume":"28","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Saaresranta T, Riha RL (2019) Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev 28(154):190030","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10322_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.04.004","volume":"42","author":"S Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar S, Anton A, D\u2019Ambrosio CM (2021) Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Chest Med 42(3):417\u2013425","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10322_CR39","first-page":"931","volume":"44","author":"JE Remmers","year":"1978","unstructured":"Remmers JE, DeGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM (1978) Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 44(6):931\u2013938","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1718100480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-023-10322-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Chol Shin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Dr. Robert D. Abbott kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript. In addition, one of the authors has significant statistical expertise (Dr. Siddiquee).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Korea University Ansan Hospital (IRB Nos. 2006AS0045 and 2016AS0043).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval."}},{"value":"We have previously reported using participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study []. This prior study dealt with the association between OSA and the presence of subclinical systemic atherosclerosis including tomographic quantification of the calcium burden.1. Kim S, Lee KY, Kim NH, et al Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea severity and subclinical systemic atherosclerosis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(2):1900959.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 cross-sectional study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}