{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:52:24Z","timestamp":1792068744799,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MR neurography has the ability to detect and depict peripheral nerve injuries. This study evaluated the potential of MR neurography in the diagnosis of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-one participants prospectively underwent MR neurography of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves using a 3D TSE STIR black-blood sequence. Two blinded and independent observers recorded the following information for each nerve of interest: presence of injury, nerve thickness, nerve signal intensity, MR neurography Sunderland class, and signal gap. Afterwards, the apparent nerve-muscle contrast-to-noise ratio and apparent signal-to-noise ratio were calculated. Clinical data (neurosensory testing score and clinical Sunderland class) was extracted retrospectively from the medical records of patients diagnosed with post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to neurosensory testing, MR neurography had a sensitivity of 38.2% and specificity of 93.5% detecting nerve injuries. When differentiated according to clinical Sunderland class, sensitivity was 19.1% in the presence of a low class injury (I to III) and improved to 83.3% in the presence of a high class (IV to V). Specificity remained unchanged. The area under the curve using the apparent nerve-muscle contrast-to-noise ratio, apparent signal-to-noise ratio, and nerve thickness to predict the presence of an injury was 0.78 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Signal intensities and nerve diameter increased in injured nerves (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Clinical and MR neurography Sunderland scores positively correlated (correlation coefficient\u2009=\u20090.53; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study shows that MR neurography can accurately differentiate between injured and healthy nerves, especially in the presence of a more severe nerve injury.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MR neurography is not only able to detect trigeminal nerve injuries, but it can also provide information about the anatomical specifications of the injury, which is not possible with clinical neurosensory testing. This makes MR neurography an added value in the management of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 The current diagnosis of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy is mainly based on clinical examination.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 MR neurography is able to visualize and stratify peripheral trigeminal nerve injuries.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>\u2022 MR neurography contributes to the diagnostic process as well as to further decision-making.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10363-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T13:02:16Z","timestamp":1701694936000},"page":"4619-4627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Accuracy of MR neurography as a diagnostic tool in detecting injuries to the lingual and inferior alveolar nerve in patients with iatrogenic post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mado","family":"Bangia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraj","family":"Ahmadzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Casselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinus","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhilde","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6888-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9deric","family":"Van der Cruyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klazen Y, Van der Cruyssen F, Vranckx M et al(2018) Iatrogenic trigeminal post-traumatic neuropathy: a retrospective two-year cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.02.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.02.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10363_CR2","first-page":"185","volume":"71","author":"R Caissie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caissie R, Goulet J, Fortin M, Morielli D (2005) Iatrogenic paresthesia in the third division of the trigeminal nerve: 12 years of clinical experience. J Can Dent Assoc 71(3):185\u2013190","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10363_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hillerup S (2007) Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: records of 449 cases. Clin Oral Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-006-0089-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-006-0089-5"},{"key":"10363_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"International Headache Society (2020) International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition (ICOP). 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Eur Radiol. Published online November 26, 2022.The healthy subjects (\u201ccontrols\u201d) in the current case\u2013control study were also reported in this previous publication.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 prospective\u2022 diagnostic case\u2013control study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}