{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:36:45Z","timestamp":1793320605167,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA) can detect brain injury (BI) associated with adverse neurological outcomes in preterm infants. This study aimed to assess BI incidences in a large, consecutive cohort of preterm infants born\u2009&lt;\u200932\u00a0weeks of gestation, the comparison between very (VPT,\u2009\u2265\u200928\u2009+\u20090 to\u2009&lt;\u200932\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks of gestation) and extremely preterm infants (EPT,\u2009&lt;\u200928\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks of gestation) and across weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed cMRIs at TEA of VPT and EPT infants born at a large tertiary center (2009\u20132018). We recorded and compared the incidences of BI, severe BI, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), cerebellar hemorrhage (CBH), cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL), and punctate white matter lesions (PWML) between VPTs, EPTs, and across weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 507 preterm infants (VPT, 335\/507 (66.1%); EPT, 172\/507 (33.9%); mean gestational age (GA), 28\u2009+\u20092\u00a0weeks (SD 2\u2009+\u20092\u00a0weeks); male, 52.1%). BIs were found in 48.3% of the preterm infants (severe BI, 12.0%) and increased with decreasing GA. IVH, PVHI, CBH, cPVL, and PWML were seen in 16.8%, 0.8%, 10.5%, 3.4%, and 18.1%, respectively. EPT vs. VPT infants suffered more frequently from BI (59.3% vs. 42.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), severe BI (18.6% vs. 8.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), IVH (31.9% vs. 9.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and CBH (18.0% vs. 6.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain injuries are common cMRI findings among preterm infants with a higher incidence of EPT compared to VPT infants. These results may serve as reference values for clinical management and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results with regard to gestational age might provide valuable clinical insights, serving as a key reference for parental advice, structured follow-up planning, and enhancing research and management within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Brain injury is a common cMRI finding in preterm infants seen in 48.3% individuals.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Extremely preterm compared to very preterm infants have higher brain injury incidences driven by brain injuries such as intraventricular and cerebellar hemorrhage.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2022\n                      <jats:italic>Reference incidence values are crucial for parental advice and structured follow-up planning.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10592-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T20:02:35Z","timestamp":1706299355000},"page":"5239-5249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Incidence of brain injuries in a large cohort of very preterm and extremely preterm infants at term-equivalent age: results of a single tertiary neonatal care center over 10\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Drommelschmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mayrhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"H\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borek","family":"Foldyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Schweiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Felderhoff-M\u00fcser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4555-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Sirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","volume":"379","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ et al (2012) National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. 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They have not taken part in the review or selection process of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Prof. Thomas Mayrhofer kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No previously reported subjects or cohorts.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"value":"\u2022 retrospective\u2022 cross-sectional study\u2022 performed at one institution","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}