{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:53:26Z","timestamp":1793242406515,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct an intrapatient comparison of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) and standard-of-care-dose CT (SDCT) of the chest in terms of the diagnostic accuracy of ULDCT and intrareader agreement in patients with post-COVID conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively included 153 consecutive patients with post-COVID-19 conditions. All participants received an SDCT and an additional ULDCT scan of the chest. SDCTs were performed with standard imaging parameters and ULDCTs at a fixed tube voltage of 100\u2009kVp (with tin filtration), 50 ref. mAs (dose modulation active), and iterative reconstruction algorithm level 5 of 5. All CT scans were separately evaluated by four radiologists for the presence of lung changes and their consistency with post-COVID lung abnormalities. Radiation dose parameters and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ULDCT were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 153 included patients (mean age 47.4\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3 years; 48.4% women), 45 (29.4%) showed post-COVID lung abnormalities. In those 45 patients, the most frequently detected CT patterns were ground-glass opacities (100.0%), reticulations (43.5%), and parenchymal bands (37.0%). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of ULDCT compared to SDCT for the detection of post-COVID lung abnormalities were 92.6, 87.2, and 94.9%, respectively. The median total dose length product (DLP) of ULDCTs was less than one-tenth of the radiation dose of our SDCTs (12.6 mGy*cm [9.9; 15.5] vs. 132.1 mGy*cm [103.9; 160.2];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ULDCT of the chest offers high accuracy in the detection of post-COVID lung abnormalities compared to an SDCT scan at less than one-tenth the radiation dose, corresponding to only twice the dose of a standard chest radiograph in two views.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra-low-dose CT of the chest may provide a favorable, radiation-saving alternative to standard-dose CT in the long-term follow-up of the large patient cohort of post-COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10754-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T12:01:47Z","timestamp":1715256107000},"page":"7244-7254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ultra-low-dose vs. standard-of-care-dose CT of the chest in patients with post-COVID-19 conditions\u2014a prospective intra-patient multi-reader study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Wassipaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kifjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra-Iulia","family":"Milos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Prayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Roehrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Watzenboeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svitlana","family":"Pochepnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Tamandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Homolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Birkfellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Ringl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Prosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4827-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt H.","family":"Heidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10754_CR1","unstructured":"Geneva: World Health Organization (2020) WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. 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Heidinger.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: General disclosure: The Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy of Medical University of Vienna has grants \/ grants pending and contracts with more than 100 partners (organizational, academic, industry), independent of this study and all through official contracts with the Medical University of Vienna. Among these are grants \/ grants pending from Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany), independent of this study. Helmut Prosch is deputy editor at European Radiology. Martin L. Watzenboeck is a member of the scientific section editorial board \u201cChest\u201d at European Radiology. They did not take part in the review or selection process of this article. Christian Wassipaul, MD\u2014nothing to disclose. Darija Kifjak, MD\u2014nothing to disclose. Ruxandra-Iulia Milos, MD\u2014nothing to disclose. Florian Prayer, MD, PhD\u2014nothing to disclose. Sebastian Roehrich, MD, PhD\u2014reports employment as medical advisor at contextflow GmbH, unrelated to this study. Melanie Winter, MD\u2014nothing to disclose. Lucian Beer, MD, PhD\u2014reports honoraria as a speaker from Takeda, Lilly and MSD, all unrelated to this study. Martin L. Watzenboeck, MD, PhD\u2014nothing to disclose. Svitlana Pochepnia, MD\u2014nothing to disclose. Michael Weber, PhD\u2014nothing to disclose. Dietmar Tamandl, MD\u2014reports consulting fees from Roche and Siemens Healthineers, a research grant from Siemens Healthineers and speaker fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Bracco, all unrelated to this study. Peter Homolka, PhD\u2014nothing to disclose. Wolfgang Birkfellner, PhD\u2014reports unpaid participation on the editorial board of Medical Physics and Zeitschrift fuer Medizinische Physik, both unrelated to this study. Helmut Ringl, MD, MBA\u2014reports unpaid participation on the editorial board of European Radiology until 2022, unrelated to this study. Helmut Prosch, MD\u2014reports honoraria as a speaker from AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens Healthcare and Takeda as well as participation on the advisory board of AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, MSD and Sanofi, all unrelated to this study. Benedikt Heidinger, MD, PhD\u2014reports honoraria as a speaker from Sanova, unrelated to this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}