{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:48:42Z","timestamp":1765547322591,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["81971590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971590"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T18:06:41Z","timestamp":1726510001000},"page":"2043-2052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differentiating calcifications from cerebral microbleeds using quantitative susceptibility mapping"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miller","family":"Fawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mark Haacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593508","volume":"36","author":"J Scharf","year":"1994","unstructured":"Scharf J, Br\u00e4uherr E, Forsting M, Sartor K (1994) Significance of haemorrhagic lacunes on MRI in patients with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease and intracerebral haemorrhage. Neuroradiology 36:504\u2013508","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10889_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00070.x","volume":"17","author":"DJ Werring","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werring DJ (2007) Cerebral microbleeds: clinical and pathophysiological significance. J Neuroimaging 17:193\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00070.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10889_CR3","first-page":"88","volume":"24","author":"Y Tsushima","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsushima Y, Aoki J, Endo K (2003) Brain microhemorrhages detected on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:88\u201396","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10889_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188874.48592.f7","volume":"65","author":"D Werring","year":"2005","unstructured":"Werring D, Coward L, Losseff N, J\u00e4ger H, Brown M (2005) Cerebral microbleeds are common in ischemic stroke but rare in TIA. Neurology 65:1914\u20131918","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10889_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1646","volume":"31","author":"T Kinoshita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kinoshita T, Okudera T, Tamura H, Ogawa T, Hatazawa J (2000) Assessment of lacunar hemorrhage associated with hypertensive stroke by echo-planar gradient-echo T2*-weighted MRI. Stroke 31:1646\u20131650","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.11.2665","volume":"31","author":"G Roob","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roob G, Lechner A, Schmidt R, Flooh E, Hartung HP, Fazekas F (2000) Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 31:2665\u20132669","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0245-7","volume":"250","author":"H Hanyu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hanyu H, Tanaka Y, Shimizu S, Takasaki M, Abe K (2003) Cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol 250:1496\u20131497","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10889_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000092317","volume":"2","author":"A Atri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atri A, Locascio JJ, Lin JM et al (2005) Prevalence and effects of lobar microhemorrhages in early-stage dementia. Neurodegener Dis 2:305\u2013312","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"10889_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1788-3","volume":"35","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Wei XE, Li MH et al (2014) Microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted MRI in depressive and non-depressive patients after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurological Sci 35:1533\u20131539","journal-title":"Neurological Sci"},{"key":"10889_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595181","volume":"41","author":"MMF Poels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poels MMF, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA et al (2010) Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: an update of the rotterdam scan study. Stroke 41:S103\u2013S106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595181","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011574","volume":"47","author":"S Akoudad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akoudad S, Aarts N, Noordam R et al (2016) Antidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of developing microbleeds. Stroke 47:251\u2013254","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.052","volume":"25","author":"M Wobith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wobith M, Mayer C, Belke M et al (2016) Predictors of new cerebral microbleeds in patients with antiplatelet drug therapy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 25:1671\u20131677","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10889_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0174","volume":"72","author":"J Ding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ding J, Sigurdsson S, Garcia M et al (2015) Risk factors associated with incident cerebral microbleeds according to location in older people: the age, gene\/environment susceptibility (AGES)\u2014Reykjavik study. JAMA Neurol 72:682\u2013688","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10889_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","volume":"8","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C et al (2009) Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 8:165\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10889_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21617","volume":"29","author":"Z Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu Z, Mittal S, Kish K, Yu Y, Hu J, Haacke EM (2009) Identification of calcification with MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging: a case study. J Magn Reson Imaging 29:177\u2013182","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10889_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018170803","volume":"287","author":"S Haller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haller S, Vernooij MW, Kuijer JPA, Larsson EM, J\u00e4ger HR, Barkhof F (2018) Cerebral microbleeds: imaging and clinical significance. Radiology 287:11\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018170803","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10889_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24768","volume":"42","author":"C Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C, Li W, Tong KA, Yeom KW, Kuzminski S (2015) Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain. J Magn Reson imaging 42:23\u201341","journal-title":"J Magn Reson imaging"},{"key":"10889_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3552","volume":"30","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu S, Buch S, Chen Y et al (2017) Susceptibility-weighted imaging: current status and future directions. NMR Biomed 30:e3552","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10889_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22687","volume":"34","author":"J Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu J, Tarabishy B, Hu J et al (2011) Cortical calcification in sturge\u2013weber syndrome on MRI-SWI: Relation to brain perfusion status and seizure severity. J Magn Reson Imaging 34:791\u2013798","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10889_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.09.004","volume":"33","author":"EM Haacke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haacke EM, Liu S, Buch S, Zheng W, Wu D, Ye Y (2015) Quantitative susceptibility mapping: current status and future directions. Magn Reson Imaging 33:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2014.09.004","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10889_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.01.009","volume":"33","author":"CCT Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu CCT, Sethi SK, Haacke EM (2023) The current state of susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in head trauma. Neuroimaging Clin 33:343\u2013356","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin"},{"key":"10889_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09042-5","volume":"33","author":"C Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun C, Ghassaban K, Song J et al (2023) Quantifying calcium changes in the fetal spine using quantitative susceptibility mapping as extracted from STAGE imaging. Eur Radiol 33:606\u2013614","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10889_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110942","volume":"10","author":"K Subramanian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Subramanian K, Utriainen D, Ramasamy DP et al (2020) Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral microbleeds in multiple sclerosis patients. Diagnostics 10:942","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10889_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20918","volume":"25","author":"J Jiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang J, Haacke EM, Dong M (2007) Dependence of vessel area accuracy and precision as a function of MR imaging parameters and boundary detection algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 25:1226\u20131234","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10889_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131809.35202.1b","volume":"35","author":"T Jeerakathil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeerakathil T, Wolf PA, Beiser A et al (2004) Cerebral microbleeds: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study. Stroke 35:1831\u20131835","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(71)90147-7","volume":"249","author":"J Kroes","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kroes J, Ostwald R (1971) Erythrocyte membranes-effect of increased cholesterol content on permeability. Biochim Biophys Acta 249:647\u2013650","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10889_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000144282.42222.DA","volume":"63","author":"D Tirschwell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tirschwell D, Smith N, Heckbert S, Lemaitre R, Longstreth W, Psaty B (2004) Association of cholesterol with stroke risk varies in stroke subtypes and patient subgroups. Neurology 63:1868\u20131875","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10889_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.08.050","volume":"369","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Inamura S, Nomura T, Kanno A, Kim SN, Imaizumi T (2016) Cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities in cardioembolic stroke patients due to atrial fibrillation: single-centre longitudinal study. J Neurological Sci 369:263\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2016.08.050","journal-title":"J Neurological Sci"},{"key":"10889_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz290","volume":"142","author":"AD Griffin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffin AD, Turtzo LC, Parikh GY et al (2019) Traumatic microbleeds suggest vascular injury and predict disability in traumatic brain injury. Brain 142:3550\u20133564","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10889_CR30","first-page":"637","volume":"20","author":"F Fazekas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G et al (1999) Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:637\u2013642","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10889_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167743","volume":"11","author":"S Haller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haller S, Montandon ML, Lazeyras F et al (2016) Radiologic-histopathologic correlation of cerebral microbleeds using pre-mortem and post-mortem MRI. PLoS One 11:e0167743","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10889_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000036092.23649.2E","volume":"33","author":"SH Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee SH, Bae HJ, Yoon BW, Kim H, Kim DE, Roh JK (2002) Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions. Stroke 33:2845\u20132849","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10889_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000132525.36804.A1","volume":"63","author":"SH Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee SH, Park JM, Kwon SJ et al (2004) Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with cerebral microbleeds in hypertensive patients. Neurology 63:16\u201321","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10889_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182934","volume":"294","author":"S Oshima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oshima S, Fushimi Y, Okada T et al (2020) Brain MRI with quantitative susceptibility mapping: relationship to CT attenuation values. Radiology 294:600\u2013609","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10889_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3836","volume":"78","author":"A Shoamanesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shoamanesh A, Hart RG, Connolly SJ et al (2021) Microbleeds and the effect of anticoagulation in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source: an exploratory analysis of the navigate ESUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 78:11\u201320","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10889_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.607705","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Sethi SK, Zhang C et al (2021) Iron content in deep gray matter as a function of age using quantitative susceptibility mapping: a multicenter study. Front Neurosci 14:607705","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10889_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.581474","volume":"14","author":"S Gharabaghi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gharabaghi S, Liu S, Wang Y et al (2020) Multi-echo quantitative susceptibility mapping for strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) imaging. Front Neurosci 14:581474","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10889_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.046","volume":"198","author":"S Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu S, Utriainen D, Chai C et al (2019) Cerebral microbleed detection using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and deep learning. Neuroimage 198:271\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.046","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10889_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102464","volume":"28","author":"MA Al-Masni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Masni MA, Kim WR, Kim EY, Noh Y, Kim DH (2020) Automated detection of cerebral microbleeds in MR images: A two-stage deep learning approach. Neuroimage Clin 28:102464","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10889_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Masni MA, Kim WR, Kim EY, Noh Y, Kim DH (2020) A two cascaded network integrating regional-based YOLO and 3D-CNN for cerebral microbleeds detection. In: 2020 42nd Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine & biology society (EMBC), vol 2020-July. IEEE, Canada, pp 1055\u20131058","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176073"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T09:27:34Z","timestamp":1742203654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10889-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1084"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Shiyuan Liu.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"Miller Fawaz reports that he is a current employee of SpinTech MRI. Ewart Mark Haacke reports that he is a shareholder of SpinTech MRI. Yu Luo reports that this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (81971590 to Yu Luo). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University. Institute and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was waived.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital,\u00a0School of Medicine, Tongji University).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}