{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:18:49Z","timestamp":1785453529697,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaNational Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["U20A20357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20357"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent","award":["2023ZB627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZB627"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent","award":["2022ZB752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZB752"]}]},{"name":"Medical Innovation Research Special Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","award":["22Y11911200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22Y11911200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BRC-1215-20014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRC-1215-20014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in Asians and the recurrent rate remains high despite the optimal medical treatment. This study aimed to confirm that follow-up high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) provided essential values in predicting subsequent cerebral ischemic events in patients with ICAS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with moderate to severe stenosis in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) defined by magnetic resonance (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) were recruited from three centers retrospectively. Detailed plaque composition was analyzed on baseline and follow-up hrMRI. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify the key risk factors for predicting subsequent ischemic events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 152 patients, a total of 86 patients with MCA atherosclerotic stenosis underwent follow-up hrMRI exams and ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events occurred in 12 patients during a 1-year follow-up. Analyses showed the predictors of ischemic events were age (adjusted Hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20090.942; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), [0.903, 0.983]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), progression of plaque burden (HR\u2009=\u20093.818; 95% CI [1.117, 13.051]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033), vessel expansion (HR\u2009=\u20095.173; 95% CI [1.077, 24.838]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040) and enhancement ratio progression (HR\u2009=\u20096.144; 95% CI [1.480, 25.511]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). The combined model achieved a concordance index of 0.804 (95% CI [0.658, 0.950]).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Longitudinal hrMRI evaluation improved the accuracy in identifying higher-risk patients with intracranial atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Can longitude high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) help clinicians observe intracranial plaque evolution?<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Compared with the baseline exam, intracranial plaque evolution distinguished by follow-up hrMRI exam showed a higher accuracy in predicting subsequent ischemic events.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Longitudinal high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging enables dynamic observation and evaluation of the changes in plaque characteristics among intracranial atherosclerosis patients. Atherosclerotic plaque evolution revealed by repeated exams can strengthen the risk stratification of patients with intracranial atherosclerosis.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T19:50:43Z","timestamp":1734637843000},"page":"3238-3248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Atherosclerotic plaque evolution predicts cerebral ischemic events in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis: a multicentre longitudinal study using high-resolution MRI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Weihe","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangmo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhao","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wusheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"11248_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003508","volume":"45","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L et al (2014) Prevalence and outcomes of symptomatic intracranial large artery stenoses and occlusions in China: the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis (CICAS) Study. Stroke 45:663\u2013669","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00376-8","volume":"21","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutierrez J, Turan TN, Hoh BL, Chimowitz MI (2022) Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 21:355\u2013368","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"11248_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2014.16.3.105","volume":"16","author":"JS Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JS, Bonovich D (2014) Research on intracranial atherosclerosis from the East and West: why are the results different? J Stroke 16:105\u2013113","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043630","volume":"55","author":"LH Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen LH, Spagnolo-Allende A, Yang D, Qiao Y, Gutierrez J (2024) Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and imaging of atherosclerotic intracranial disease. Stroke 55:311\u2013323","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62038-3","volume":"383","author":"CP Derdeyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Derdeyn CP, Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ et al (2014) Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in high-risk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial. Lancet 383:333\u2013341","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11248_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.203","volume":"13","author":"AJ Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown AJ, Teng Z, Evans PC, Gillard JH, Samady H, Bennett MR (2016) Role of biomechanical forces in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 13:210\u2013220","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70092-4","volume":"8","author":"JM U-King-Im","year":"2009","unstructured":"U-King-Im JM, Young V, Gillard JH (2009) Carotid-artery imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol 8:569\u2013580","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"11248_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.246","volume":"7","author":"HR Underhill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Underhill HR, Hatsukami TS, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Yuan C (2010) MRI of carotid atherosclerosis: clinical implications and future directions. Nat Rev Cardiol 7:165\u2013173","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.01.013","volume":"47","author":"Z Teng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teng Z, Sadat U, Brown AJ, Gillard JH (2014) Plaque hemorrhage in carotid artery disease: pathogenesis, clinical and biomechanical considerations. J Biomech 47:847\u2013858","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"11248_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4008-5","volume":"26","author":"Z Teng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teng Z, Peng W, Zhan Q et al (2016) An assessment on the incremental value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to identify culprit plaques in atherosclerotic disease of the middle cerebral artery. Eur Radiol 26:2206\u20132214","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11248_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003816","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003816","volume":"5","author":"A Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta A, Baradaran H, Al-Dasuqi K et al (2016) Gadolinium enhancement in intracranial atherosclerotic plaque and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 5:e003816","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"11248_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2023.02481","volume":"26","author":"DW Kang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kang DW, Kim DY, Kim J et al (2024) Emerging concept of intracranial arterial diseases: the role of high resolution vessel wall MRI. J Stroke 26:26\u201340","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031480","volume":"52","author":"JW Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song JW, Pavlou A, Xiao J, Kasner SE, Fan Z, Messe SR (2021) Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis. Stroke 52:193\u2013202","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7004","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08893-2","volume":"32","author":"D Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang D, Liu J, Yao W et al (2022) The MRI enhancement ratio and plaque steepness may be more accurate for predicting recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis. Eur Radiol 32:7004\u20137013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11248_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211066427","volume":"17","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Schneider DJ, Feldmann E, Liebeskind DS (2022) Intracranial atherosclerosis: review of imaging features and advances in diagnostics. Int J Stroke 17:599\u2013607","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","volume":"5","author":"P Libby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L et al (2019) Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:56","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"11248_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013495","volume":"47","author":"JW Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung JW, Hwang J, Lee MJ, Cha J, Bang OY (2016) Previous statin use and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque: the intensive statin treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial atherosclerosis study. Stroke 47:1789\u20131796","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/376721","volume":"2012","author":"B Rocca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocca B, Petrucci G (2012) Variability in the responsiveness to low-dose aspirin: pharmacological and disease-related mechanisms. Thrombosis 2012:376721","journal-title":"Thrombosis"},{"key":"11248_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.035","volume":"79","author":"LP Dawson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dawson LP, Lum M, Nerleker N, Nicholls SJ, Layland J (2022) Coronary atherosclerotic plaque regression: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 79:66\u201382","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009211026920","volume":"35","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao J, Song SS, Schlick KH et al (2022) Disparate trends of atherosclerotic plaque evolution in stroke patients under 18-month follow-up: a 3D whole-brain magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study. Neuroradiol J 35:42\u201352","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"11248_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27561","volume":"54","author":"Z Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Z, Li J, Zhao M et al (2021) Progression of plaque burden of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque predicts recurrent stroke\/transient ischemic attack: a pilot follow-up study using higher-resolution MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 54:560\u2013570","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"11248_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-210","volume":"12","author":"ZZ Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen ZZ, Ren SJ, Wu RR et al (2022) Temporal changes in plaque characteristics after treatment and their relationship with stroke recurrence: a quantitative study using magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 12:4559\u20134569","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"11248_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.015","volume":"77","author":"L Tao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tao L, Li XQ, Hou XW et al (2021) Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque as a potential cause of embolic stroke of undetermined source. J Am Coll Cardiol 77:680\u2013691","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043033","volume":"352","author":"MI Chimowitz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H et al (2005) Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 352:1305\u20131316","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"11248_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5395-1","volume":"28","author":"Z Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi Z, Zhu C, Degnan AJ et al (2018) Identification of high-risk plaque features in intracranial atherosclerosis: initial experience using a radiomic approach. Eur Radiol 28:3912\u20133921","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11248_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00755","volume":"11","author":"WJ Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang WJ, Abrigo J, Soo YO et al (2020) Regression of plaque enhancement within symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis: a high-resolution MRI study. Front Neurol 11:755","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"11248_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00533-1","volume":"35","author":"M Yamagishi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamagishi M, Terashima M, Awano K et al (2000) Morphology of vulnerable coronary plaque: insights from follow-up of patients examined by intravascular ultrasound before an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:106\u2013111","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22626","volume":"71","author":"WH Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu WH, Li ML, Gao S et al (2012) Middle cerebral artery intraplaque hemorrhage: prevalence and clinical relevance. Ann Neurol 71:195\u2013198","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"11248_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.09.022","volume":"7","author":"D Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu D, Hippe DS, Underhill HR et al (2014) Prediction of high-risk plaque development and plaque progression with the carotid atherosclerosis score. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 7:366\u2013373","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"11248_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00766-9","volume":"23","author":"Z Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Z, Tian X, Tian B et al (2021) Identification of high risk clinical and imaging features for intracranial artery dissection using high-resolution cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 23:74","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"11248_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003140","volume":"44","author":"MT Truijman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Truijman MT, Kwee RM, van Hoof RH et al (2013) Combined 18F-FDG PET-CT and DCE-MRI to assess inflammation and microvascularization in atherosclerotic plaques. Stroke 44:3568\u20133570","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.662692","volume":"43","author":"A Millon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Millon A, Boussel L, Brevet M et al (2012) Clinical and histological significance of gadolinium enhancement in carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Stroke 43:3023\u20133028","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR33","volume":"32","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Song P, Feng P et al (2023) Plaque enhancement predicts recurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients with large artery intracranial atherosclerosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 32:107406","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"11248_CR34","volume":"168","author":"JW Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu JW, Zhao DL, Li RY et al (2023) Association of culprit plaque enhancement ratio, hypoperfusion and HbA1c with recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery. Eur J Radiol 168:111107","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"11248_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13077","volume":"33","author":"B Gomez-Vicente","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gomez-Vicente B, Hernandez-Perez M, Martinez-Velasco E et al (2023) Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque enhancement and long-term risk of future strokes: a prospective, longitudinal study. J Neuroimaging 33:289\u2013301","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"11248_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000228","volume":"4","author":"J Lyu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyu J, Ma N, Tian C et al (2019) Perfusion and plaque evaluation to predict recurrent stroke in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke Vasc Neurol 4:129\u2013134","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"11248_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7402","volume":"43","author":"G Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu G, Wang H, Zhao C et al (2022) Large culprit plaque and more intracranial plaques are associated with recurrent stroke: a case-control study using vessel wall imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:207\u2013215","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"11248_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27351","volume":"53","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Chen L, Li S et al (2021) Enhancement characteristics of middle cerebral arterial atherosclerotic plaques over time and their correlation with stroke recurrence. J Magn Reson Imaging 53:953\u2013962","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"11248_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00140","volume":"9","author":"DF Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang DF, Chen YC, Chen H et al (2017) A high-resolution MRI study of relationship between remodeling patterns and ischemic stroke in patients with atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Front Aging Neurosci 9:140","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"11248_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01374-2","volume":"38","author":"P Schoenhagen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schoenhagen P, Ziada KM, Vince DG, Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM (2001) Arterial remodeling and coronary artery disease: the concept of \u201cdilated\u201d versus \u201cobstructive\u201d coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:297\u2013306","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"11248_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019422","volume":"49","author":"M Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu M, Peng P, Cui Y et al (2018) Association of progression of carotid artery wall volume and recurrent transient ischemic attack or stroke: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Stroke 49:614\u2013620","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e714","volume":"75","author":"N Ma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ma N, Jiang WJ, Lou X et al (2010) Arterial remodeling of advanced basilar atherosclerosis: a 3-tesla MRI study. Neurology 75:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"11248_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043633","volume":"55","author":"AM Wabnitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wabnitz AM, Turan TN (2024) Optimal medical management of atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis. Stroke 55:335\u2013343","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"11248_CR44","volume":"15","author":"L Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu L, Kong Q, Huang H et al (2023) Effect of PCSK9 inhibition in combination with statin therapy on intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a high-resolution MRI study. Front Aging Neurosci 15:1127534","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"11248_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043634","volume":"55","author":"TA Elder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elder TA, White TG, Woo HH et al (2024) Future of endovascular and surgical treatments of atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis. Stroke 55:344\u2013354","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T11:08:18Z","timestamp":1747307298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["11248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11248-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Xinfeng Liu.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"Dr. Zhongzhao Teng is the chief scientist of Nanjing Jingsan Medical Science and Technology, Ltd., Jiangsu China, and Tenoke, Ltd., Cambridge, UK. Other authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinling Hospital (Nanjing Stroke Registry Program-2010NLY-018), Changhai Hospital (CHEC2018-092) and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (No. [2019]390).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}