{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T20:51:10Z","timestamp":1779051070778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Visual rating scales are routinely used in clinical radiology to assess brain atrophy on scans of patients with suspected neurodegenerative conditions. Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has recently been described, featuring early and severe atrophy of the amygdala. However, there is currently no scoring system specifically designed to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>to develop and validate a visual rating scale for amygdalar atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Stringent criteria were developed for no, mild\/moderate, and severe amygdalar atrophy based on axial and coronal volumetric T1-weighted MRI scans. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were estimated by three independent expert neuroradiologists in 100 randomly selected scans from the Geneva Memory Center cohort selected to be representative of the variability of medial temporal atrophy. Convergent validity was evaluated versus amygdalar volumes extracted by FreeSurfer on 1943 consecutive patients. Criterion validity versus autopsy-confirmed LATE neuropathologic changes were studied in the pathological subset of the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200996).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intra- and inter-rater agreements of amygdalar visual ratings were between substantial and almost perfect (weighted Cohen\u2019s Kappa 0.71 to 0.93). Visual ratings were strongly associated with amygdalar volumes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001 on the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test). LATE neuropathologic changes were associated with visual ratings of amygdalar atrophy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.057 on a test for trend).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The proposed visual amygdalar atrophy scale is a reliable and valid tool to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI and can be a useful adjunct in routine radiological reporting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Assessment of amygdalar atrophy is crucial for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, as the limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, yet no validated visual rating scale exists.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>The proposed amygdalar atrophy scale demonstrated high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, strong correlation with amygdalar volumetry, and association with limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>The amygdalar atrophy scale provides a reliable practical assessment tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy for dementia-related conditions, particularly aiding in identifying limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11249-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T14:11:37Z","timestamp":1734617497000},"page":"4246-4256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A visual scale to rate amygdalar atrophy on MRI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6285-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca B.","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ribaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni B.","family":"Frisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"11249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000049766.26453.E9","volume":"34","author":"P Kapeller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kapeller P, Barber R, Vermeulen RJ et al (2003) Visual rating of age-related white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging: scale comparison, interrater agreement, and correlations with quantitative measurements. 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Frisoni and F. Ribaldi).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (PB_2016-01346, 2020-00403).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The present study utilized MRI scans from a patient cohort previously involved in several publications not related to this research, including studies on amyloid PET, tau PET, and Alzheimer\u2019s blood biomarkers. Approximately 55 to 245 subjects from the Geneva Memory Clinic cohort have been reported in around 20 articles addressing correlates of cognitive impairment, emphasizing molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers, and clinical features. However, these prior publications do not include the new visual scale introduced in this paper submitted to European Radiology. All of these studies were co-authored by the senior author of the current research (GBF): 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. .","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}