{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:05Z","timestamp":1787162345311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers have become crucial in understanding and diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders. PET imaging allows for the in vivo quantification of molecular targets with high sensitivity, aiding in the study of disease pathophysiology and progression from preclinical stages. By visualising specific molecular pathologies, PET biomarkers enable a shift from symptom-based to biology-based definitions of neurodegenerative diseases, allowing for earlier and more accurate detection and diagnosis. This has significant implications for developing and testing new therapies aimed at modifying disease course.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we will go through the standards of PET imaging in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, we will review PET molecular imaging of amyloid-\u03b2 plaques, tau pathology, as well as the effect of neurodegeneration on neuronal activity in different disorders. Moreover, we will revise PET tracers targeting neurotransmitter systems such as the dopaminergic system which can detect early functional changes in movement disorders. Issues related to methods, image interpretation, normal findings and mimics will be an important part of this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>A review of PET molecular imaging tools for assisting the clinical diagnosis of patients presenting with cognitive impairment or parkinsonism and suspected neurodegenerative disease<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>PET molecular imaging tools vary widely in their image acquisition protocols and image interpretation, allowing us to study different features of neurodegenerative diseases<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>The majority of PET molecular imaging tools are currently in use in our clinical practice. Despite the differences between them, standardised visual reading methods and specific semi-quantitative parameters have been established, allowing for their use<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T03:43:13Z","timestamp":1738899793000},"page":"4621-4634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The basics of PET molecular imaging in neurodegenerative disorders with dementia and\/or parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Bronte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Quincoces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Erro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Arbizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"11388_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30314-8","volume":"19","author":"G Ch\u00e9telat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ch\u00e9telat G, Arbizu J, Barthel H et al (2020) Amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias. Lancet Neurol 19:951\u2013962","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR2","unstructured":"Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET (2024) In: Alzheimer's Dementia (2024) Available via https:\/\/www.alz.org\/media\/Documents\/AUC-Amyloid-Tau-PET-Alzheimers_Manuscript.pdf. Accessed 01 Dec 2024"},{"key":"11388_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2S","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263194","volume":"63","author":"S Minoshima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minoshima S, Cross D, Thientunyakit T et al (2022) 18 F-FDG PET imaging in neurodegenerative dementing disorders: insights into subtype classification, emerging disease categories, and mixed dementia with copathologies. J Nucl Med 63:2S\u201312S","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.076315","volume":"52","author":"CC Rowe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rowe CC, Villemagne VL (2011) Brain amyloid imaging. J Nucl Med 52:1733\u20131740","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.174615","volume":"57","author":"S Minoshima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minoshima S, Drzezga AE, Barthel H et al (2016) SNMMI procedure standard\/EANM practice guideline for amyloid PET imaging of the brain 1.0. J Nucl Med 57:1316\u20131322","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.142109","volume":"55","author":"L Thurfjell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thurfjell L, Lilja J, Lundqvist R et al (2014) Automated quantification of 18F-flutemetamol PET activity for categorizing scans as negative or positive for brain amyloid: concordance with visual image reads. J Nucl Med 55:1623\u20131628","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70077-1","volume":"10","author":"H Barthel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S et al (2011) Cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 PET with florbetaben (18F) in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol 10:424\u2013435","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.150","volume":"68","author":"AS Fleisher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleisher AS (2011) Using positron emission tomography and florbetapir F 18 to image cortical amyloid in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 68:1404","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klunk WE, Koeppe RA, Price JC et al (2015) The centiloid project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET. Alzheimers Dement 11:1\u201315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.003"},{"key":"11388_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collij LE, Bollack A, La Joie R et al (2024) Centiloid recommendations for clinical context-of-use from the AMYPAD consortium. Alzheimers Dement 20:1\u201312","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14336"},{"key":"11388_CR11","first-page":"268119","volume":"124","author":"LE Collij","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collij LE, Bischof GN, Altomare D et al (2024) Quantification supports amyloid PET visual assessment of challenging cases: results from the AMYPAD diagnostic and patient management study. J Nucl Med 124:268119","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR12","unstructured":"EMA (2024) Qualification opinion for centiloid measure of amyloid PET to quantify brain amyloid deposition (EMADOC-1700519818-1200791). Available via https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/other\/qualification-opinion-centiloid-measure-amyloid-pet-quantify-brain-amyloid-deposition_en.pdf. Accessed 01 Dec 2024"},{"key":"11388_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww027","volume":"139","author":"R Ossenkoppele","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ossenkoppele R, Schonhaut DR, Sch\u00f6ll M et al (2016) Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 139:1551\u20131567","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"11388_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4669","volume":"313","author":"R Ossenkoppele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ossenkoppele R, Jansen WJ, Rabinovici GD et al (2015) Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes. JAMA 313:1939","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11388_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0342-8","volume":"24","author":"A Leuzy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leuzy A, Chiotis K, Lemoine L et al (2019) Tau PET imaging in neurodegenerative tauopathies\u2014still a challenge. Mol Psychiatry 24:1112\u20131134","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"11388_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05673-w","volume":"49","author":"M Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian M, Civelek AC, Carrio I et al (2022) International consensus on the use of tau PET imaging agent 18F-flortaucipir in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:895\u2013904","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.09.002","volume":"36","author":"VL Villemagne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villemagne VL, Okamura N (2016) Tau imaging in the study of ageing, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 36:43\u201351","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"11388_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0528","volume":"77","author":"AS Fleisher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleisher AS, Pontecorvo MJ, Devous MD et al (2020) Positron emission tomography imaging with [18 F]flortaucipir and postmortem assessment of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes. JAMA Neurol 77:829.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26907","volume":"32","author":"AP Strafella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strafella AP, Bohnen NI, Perlmutter JS et al (2017) Molecular imaging to track Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonisms: new imaging frontiers. Mov Disord 32:181\u2013192","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"11388_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.197426","volume":"59","author":"R Harada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harada R, Ishiki A, Kai H et al (2018) Correlations of 18 F-THK5351 PET with postmortem burden of tau and astrogliosis in Alzheimer Disease. J Nucl Med 59:671\u2013674","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"11388_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0686-6","volume":"7","author":"C Aguero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aguero C, Dhaynaut M, Normandin MD et al (2019) Autoradiography validation of novel tau PET tracer [F-18]-MK-6240 on human postmortem brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7:37","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"11388_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02672-z","volume":"147","author":"C Aguero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aguero C, Dhaynaut M, Amaral AC et al (2024) Head-to-head comparison of [18F]-Flortaucipir, [18F]-MK-6240 and [18F]-PI-2620 postmortem binding across the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 147:25","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"11388_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.684523","volume":"12","author":"M Willroider","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willroider M, Roeber S, Horn AKE et al (2021) Superiority of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue for in vitro assessment of progressive supranuclear palsy tau pathology with [18F]PI-2620. Front Neurol 12:1\u201310","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2526","volume":"77","author":"M Brendel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brendel M, Barthel H, van Eimeren T et al (2020) Assessment of 18 F-PI-2620 as a biomarker in progressive supranuclear palsy. JAMA Neurol 77:1408","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E650","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011270","volume":"96","author":"R La Joie","year":"2021","unstructured":"La Joie R, Visani AV, Lesman-Segev OH et al (2021) Association of APOE4 and clinical variability in Alzheimer disease with the pattern of tau- and amyloid-PET. Neurology 96:E650\u2013E661","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"11388_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24473","volume":"40","author":"I Sintini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sintini I, Schwarz CG, Martin PR et al (2019) Regional multimodal relationships between tau, hypometabolism, atrophy, and fractional anisotropy in atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Brain Mapp 40:1618\u20131631","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"11388_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5755","volume":"74","author":"C Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia C, Makaretz SJ, Caso C et al (2017) Association of in vivo [18 F]AV-1451 tau PET imaging results with cortical atrophy and symptoms in typical and atypical Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 74:427","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa383","volume":"144","author":"AE Goodheart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goodheart AE, Locascio JJ, Samore WR et al (2021) 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography in neuropathological substrates of corticobasal syndrome. Brain 144:266\u2013277","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"11388_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13453","volume":"19","author":"H Cho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cho H, Mundada NS, Apostolova LG et al (2023) Amyloid and tau-PET in early-onset AD: baseline data from the longitudinal early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease study (LEADS). Alzheimers Dement 19:S98\u2013S114","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"11388_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1858","volume":"78","author":"R Ossenkoppele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ossenkoppele R, Smith R, Mattsson-Carlgren N et al (2021) Accuracy of tau positron emission tomography as a prognostic marker in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer disease: a head-to-head comparison against amyloid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. JAMA Neurol 78:961\u2013971","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","volume":"330","author":"JR Sims","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sims JR, Zimmer JA, Evans CD et al (2023) Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease. JAMA 330:512","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11388_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson K, Li D, Dhadda S, Sachdev P, Charil A, Irizarry MKL (2022) SYMPOSIA\u201416th conference clinical trials Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, October 24\u201327- 2023. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 10:4\u201355","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.129"},{"key":"11388_CR33","unstructured":"EMA (2024) Tauvid: EPAR\u2014all authorised presentations (2024). Available via https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/tauvid-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Accessed 01 Dec 2024"},{"key":"11388_CR34","first-page":"221","volume":"10","author":"AJ Schwarz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwarz AJ, Shcherbinin S, Slieker LJ et al (2018) Topographic staging of tau positron emission tomography images. Alzheimers Dement 10:221\u2013231","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"11388_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leuzy A, Raket LL, Villemagne VL et al (2024) Harmonizing tau positron emission tomography in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the CenTauR scale and the joint propagation model. Alzheimers Dement 20:5833\u20135848","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13908"},{"key":"11388_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5401.496","volume":"283","author":"PJ Magistretti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magistretti PJ, Pellerin L, Rothman DL, Shulman RG (1999) Energy on demand. Science 283:496\u2013497","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11388_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1083683","volume":"28","author":"J Masdeu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masdeu J, Arbizu J (2008) Brain single photon emission computed tomography: technological aspects and clinical applications. Semin Neurol 28:423\u2013434","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"11388_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4030-3","volume":"45","author":"F Nobili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nobili F, Festari C, Altomare D et al (2018) Automated assessment of FDG-PET for differential diagnosis in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 45:1557\u20131566","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arbizu J, Morbelli S, Minoshima S et al (2024) SNMMI procedure standard\/EANM practice guideline for brain [18F]FDG PET imaging, version 2.0. J Nucl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.124.268754","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.124.268754"},{"key":"11388_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05603-w","volume":"49","author":"E Guedj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guedj E, Varrone A, Boellaard R et al (2022) EANM procedure guidelines for brain PET imaging using [18F]FDG, version 3. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:632\u2013651","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR41","first-page":"332","volume":"58","author":"K Herholz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herholz K (2014) Guidance for reading FDG PET scans in dementia patients. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 58:332\u2013343","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04817-8","volume":"47","author":"S Morbelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morbelli S, Esposito G, Arbizu J et al (2020) EANM practice guideline\/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 47:1885\u20131912","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590050374","volume":"26","author":"J Booij","year":"1999","unstructured":"Booij J, Tissingh G, Winogrodzka A, van Royen EA (1999) Imaging of the dopaminergic neurotransmission system using single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography in patients with parkinsonism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 26:171\u2013182","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1265-z","volume":"37","author":"K Van Laere","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Laere K, Varrone A, Booij J et al (2010) EANM procedure guidelines for brain neurotransmission SPECT\/PET using dopamine D2 receptor ligands, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 37:434\u2013442","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"11388_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.205","volume":"10","author":"M Politis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Politis M (2014) Neuroimaging in Parkinson disease: from research setting to clinical practice. Nat Rev Neurol 10:708\u2013722","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T12:16:50Z","timestamp":1751545010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["11388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11388-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Javier Arbizu.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"A.B., E.P., G.Q., and E.E. declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article. J.A. declares relationships with the following companies: Novartis\/Advanced Accelerator Applications, Eli Lilly, GE Healthcare, Life Molecular Imaging, Siemens, and Zambon.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study because this is a review.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was not required because it is a review.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}