{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1784068648684,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BRAF\/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi\/MEKi) and PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized malignant melanoma treatment and improved patients\u2019 clinical outcome significantly. However, these therapies are associated with substance class-specific side effects. Here, selected cases indicate a correlation between the incidence of mesenteric panniculitis (MP) and BRAFi\/MEKi treatment. As MP can mimic or conceal underlying malignancy, the aim of the present study was to confirm a potential correlation with BRAFi\/MEKi or ICI in a retrospective, observational analysis of melanoma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a monocentric retrospective study, abdominal CTs of 490 melanoma patients receiving first-line treatment with ICI (nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab\/ipilimumab) or BRAFi\/MEKi (dabrafenib\/trametinib, vemurafenib\/cobimetinib, encorafenib\/binimetinib) in the adjuvant or advanced situation were evaluated for MP development comparing baseline imaging prior therapy start and follow-up imaging under therapy. MP was defined as an unilocular mesenteric mass characterized by small tissue nodules with increased density of the adjacent fat and a surrounding pseudo-capsule.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      384 melanoma patients with ICI (161 women, median age at therapy start: 62\u2009years, IQR: 21\u2009years) and 106 patients with BRAFi\/MEKi first-line therapy (46 women, median age: 58\u2009years, IQR: 18\u2009years) were evaluated. MP incidence was significantly higher following BRAFi\/MEKi treatment compared to ICI (7.5% vs. 2.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). No significance was detected comparing time until MP development from therapy start (174\u2009days, IQR: 518\u2009days [BRAFi\/MEKi] vs. 207\u2009days, IQR: 298\u2009days [ICI],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates a significant increase in MP development following BRAFi\/MEKi treatment compared to ICI in patients with melanoma. As this benign condition can mimic or even conceal malignancy, awareness of its appearance is important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF\/MEK and immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized melanoma treatment but are associated with various side effects, yet data regarding the development of mesenteric panniculitis are scarce<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF\/MEK inhibitor treatment is associated with a significantly higher rate of mesenteric panniculitis compared to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in advanced melanoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF\/MEK inhibitor-treated patients are at risk for development of mesenteric panniculitis. As this benign finding can mimic or conceal malignancy, awareness of it is important especially in these patients<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11642-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T05:16:25Z","timestamp":1746076585000},"page":"7298-7306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adverse effects of systemic advanced melanoma therapies\u2014do BRAF\/MEK inhibitors increase the incidence of mesenteric panniculitis?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9825-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel Alexander","family":"Drews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Baumgarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Ugurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haubold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Schadendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Livingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt M.","family":"Schaarschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"11642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.3","volume":"1","author":"D Schadendorf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schadendorf D, Fisher DE, Garbe C et al (2015) Melanoma. 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L.Z. served as consultant and has received honoraria from BMS, MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, and Sun Pharma and travel support from MSD, BMS, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Sun Pharma and Novartis, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}