{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:00:05Z","timestamp":1793973605648,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the temporal evolution and interobserver agreement of the early categories per the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) radiation treatment response assessment (TRA) algorithm in patients receiving selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Yttrium-90 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective study included consecutive patients with treatment-na\u00efve HCC who underwent serial contrast-enhanced CT\/MRI before and after SIRT. Three masked radiologists independently evaluated response at 3\u20136 months. Another senior radiologist assessed response at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, and &gt;\u200924 months after comprehensive review of available clinical-radiological information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>65 patients (mean age, 66.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2 years; 48 men) were included. At 3\u20136 months after SIRT, 47.7% (31\/65) of lesions were assigned to the nonprogressing category, and the remaining 52.3% (34\/65) to the nonviable category. Among early nonprogressing lesions, 64.5% (20\/31) regressed to the nonviable category, 25.8% (8\/31) remained nonprogressing, and 9.7% (3\/31) evolved into the viable category at \u2265\u200912 months. The nonprogressing category decreased in number over time, with 61.3% (19\/31) conversion to the nonviable category at 9 months. Among the early nonviable lesions, 91.2% (31\/34) remained nonviable at \u2265\u200912 months, and 8.8% (3\/34) evolved into the viable category. Agreement for the 3\u20136 months LR-TR category assignment was moderate (kappa\u2009=\u20090.46) with CT but almost perfect (kappa\u2009=\u20090.85) with MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SIRT induced a delayed and sustained response in the majority of HCC patients after \u2265\u200912 months. MRI demonstrated superior agreement over CT in assessing response at 3\u20136 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Tumor response to SIRT can change; there is limited evidence on the evolution of the imaging appearance of HCC following SIRT<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Sixty-four and five-tenths of early nonprogressing lesions regressed to nonviable, and 91.2% of early nonviable lesions remained free of viability. LR-TR category assignment agreement was moderate with CT but almost perfect with MRI<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>SIRT induced a delayed and sustained response in HCC, underscoring the necessity of dynamic evaluation of long-term changes in treated lesions. MRI with subtraction imaging may be preferred over CT for long-term monitoring, which may help prevent premature retreatment decisions<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11659-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1747486969000},"page":"7349-7362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Temporal evolution of the LI-RADS radiation treatment response assessment on multiphase CT\/MRI in patients undergoing selective internal radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0561-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"11659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2017.0004","volume":"23","author":"HC Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HC (2017) Radioembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 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H.J.: a stock owner of Kanghong Technology Co., Ltd. J.Y.: no relevant relationships. J.H.K.: no relevant relationships. H.J.K.: no relevant relationships. Y.W.: no relevant relationships. R.L.: no relevant relationships. H.C.K.: no relevant relationships. J.M.L.: no relevant relationships.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"One co-author (Yuanan Wu, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China) has significant statistical expertise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived (retrospective design) by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital\u00a0(No. 2301-168-1402).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}