{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:46:48Z","timestamp":1782283608178,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T10:12:49Z","timestamp":1754734369000},"page":"968-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal bone dual-layer detector dual-energy computed tomography for identifying cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sizhe","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiulan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9184-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"11813_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00953-w","volume":"20","author":"M Schurmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schurmann M, Goon P, Sudhoff H (2022) Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Commun Signal 20:148","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"11813_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0384-1","volume":"48","author":"DLGM Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi DLGM, Rebello R, Archibald JD (2019) Cost-comparison analysis of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) versus second look surgery for the detection of residual and recurrent cholesteatoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 48:58","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"11813_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7112","volume":"42","author":"M Wiesmueller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiesmueller M, Wuest W, May MS et al (2021) Comparison of readout-segmented echo-planar imaging and single-shot TSE DWI for cholesteatoma diagnostics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 42:1305\u20131312","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"11813_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07370-2","volume":"279","author":"M Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin M, Lin N, Sheng Y, Sha Y, Zhang Z, Zhou K (2022) Detection of cholesteatoma: 2D BLADE turbo gradient- and spin-echo imaging versus readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:5223\u20135229","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"11813_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rx.2021.04.005","volume":"63","author":"M Maz\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maz\u00f3n M, Pont E, Castell\u00e1-Malonda J, Jacome-Torres O, Carreres-Polo J (2021) Radiological evaluation of the postsurgical middle ear. Radiologia 63:436\u2013444","journal-title":"Radiologia"},{"key":"11813_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108915","volume":"125","author":"C Russo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Russo C, Elefante A, Cavaliere M et al (2020) Apparent diffusion coefficients for predicting primary cholesteatoma risk of recurrence after surgical clearance. Eur J Radiol 125:108915","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-01892-z","volume":"73","author":"S Manik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manik S, Dabholkar Y, Bhalekar S, Velankar H, Chordia N, Saberwal A (2021) Sensitivity and specificity of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bone in diagnosing cholesteatoma and its correlation with intraoperative findings. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 73:25\u201329","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"11813_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1021931","volume":"135","author":"M Songu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Songu M, Altay C, Onal K et al (2015) Correlation of computed tomography, echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and surgical outcomes in middle ear cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol 135:776\u2013780","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"11813_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0782-y","volume":"10","author":"M Gulati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gulati M, Gupta S, Prakash A, Garg A, Dixit R (2019) HRCT imaging of acquired cholesteatoma: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging 10:92","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"11813_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1032","volume":"8","author":"M Xun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xun M, Liu X, Sha Y, Zhang X, Liu JP (2023) The diagnostic utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution computed tomography for cholesteatoma: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 8:627\u2013635","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"11813_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200102","volume":"41","author":"A Parakh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parakh A, Lennartz S, An C et al (2021) Dual-energy CT images: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics 41:98\u2013119","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"11813_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001188","volume":"45","author":"Y Hattori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hattori Y, Azuma M, Nakada H et al (2021) Usefulness of virtual monochromatic images and iodine maps derived from dual-energy computed tomography for diagnosing deep neck abscesses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 45:625\u2013628","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"11813_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10854-w","volume":"34","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Wei X, Wang L et al (2024) Dual-source dual-energy CT and deep learning for equivocal lymph nodes on CT images for thyroid cancer. Eur Radiol 34:7567\u20137579","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-00997-y","volume":"124","author":"G Foti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foti G, Beltramello A, Minerva G et al (2019) Identification of residual-recurrent cholesteatoma in operated ears: diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT and MRI. Radiol Med 124:478\u2013486","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"11813_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12903","volume":"45","author":"CH Hua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hua CH, Shapira N, Merchant TE, Klahr P, Yagil Y (2018) Accuracy of electron density, effective atomic number, and iodine concentration determination with a dual-layer dual-energy computed tomography system. Med Phys 45:2486\u20132497","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"11813_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142631","volume":"276","author":"CH McCollough","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCollough CH, Leng S, Yu L, Fletcher JG (2015) Dual- and multi-Energy CT: principles, technical approaches, and clinical applications. Radiology 276:637\u2013653","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"11813_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01972-4","volume":"23","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhu M, Lu H et al (2022) Quantitative evaluation of disease severity in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease by dual-energy computed tomography. Respir Res 23:47","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"11813_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2018.07.104","volume":"73","author":"Y Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia Y, Xiao X, Sun Q, Jiang H (2018) CT spectral parameters and serum tumour markers to differentiate histological types of cancer histology. Clin Radiol 73:1033\u20131040","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26208","volume":"218","author":"H Nagano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagano H, Takumi K, Nakajo M et al (2021) Dual-energy CT-derived electron density for diagnosing metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer: comparison with conventional CT and FDG PET\/CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 218:66\u201374","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"11813_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-1760","volume":"15","author":"P Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun P, Wu X, Gao M et al (2025) Improved visualization of electron-density dual-energy computed tomography for lumbar disc disease over the standard gray-scale type and virtual noncalcium imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 15:2296\u20132308","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"11813_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109774","volume":"140","author":"P Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang P, Tang Z, Xiao Z et al (2021) Dual-energy CT in predicting Ki-67 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Radiol 140:109774","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09033-6","volume":"33","author":"YH Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo YH, Mei XL, Liu QR et al (2023) Diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on third-generation dual-source, dual-energy computed tomography. Eur Radiol 33:162\u2013171","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01677-8","volume":"128","author":"M Cavaliere","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cavaliere M, Ugga L, Monfregola A et al (2023) Temporal bone CT-based anatomical parameters associated with the development of cholesteatoma. Radiol Med 128:1116\u20131124","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"11813_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.04.019","volume":"62","author":"SJ Han","year":"2007","unstructured":"Han SJ, Song MH, Kim J, Lee WS, Lee HK (2007) Classification of temporal bone pneumatization based on sigmoid sinus using computed tomography. Clin Radiol 62:1110\u20131118","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480902922752","volume":"130","author":"Z Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu Z, Han D, Gong S, Wang Z, Zhang L (2010) The value of scutum erosion in the diagnosis of temporal bone cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol 130:47\u201351","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"11813_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2004.442","volume":"24","author":"JL Gaurano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gaurano JL, Joharjy IA (2004) Middle ear cholesteatoma: characteristic CT findings in 64 patients. Ann Saudi Med 24:442\u2013447","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"11813_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101841","volume":"11","author":"K Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae K, Jeon KN (2021) Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in unenhanced dual energy CT using an electron density image. Diagnostics (Basel) 11:1841","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"11813_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01749-9","volume":"129","author":"A Pacielli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pacielli A, Vaudano GP, Bergamasco L, Prochet A, Gollini P, Perna ME (2024) Assessment of post-thrombectomy brain hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke with dual-energy CT: How reliable is it in clinical practice? Radiol Med 129:575\u2013584","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"11813_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2022.11.003","volume":"104","author":"J Greffier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greffier J, Villani N, Defez D, Dabli D, Si-Mohamed S (2023) Spectral CT imaging: Technical principles of dual-energy CT and multi-energy photon-counting CT. Diagn Interv Imaging 104:167\u2013177","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"11813_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2017.1267","volume":"7","author":"M Cavaliere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavaliere M, Cantone E, Sicignano S, Di Lullo AM, Iengo M (2017) Epidermal cyst of temporal bone as a delayed complication of myringoplasty. Mol Clin Oncol 7:73\u201375","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"11813_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113000601","volume":"127","author":"L Louw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Louw L (2013) Acquired cholesteatoma: summary of the cascade of molecular events. J Laryngol Otol 127:542\u2013549","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"11813_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2024.2345481","volume":"23","author":"L Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng L, Xie L, Hu J et al (2024) Osteopontin-driven partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition governs the development of middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell Cycle 23:537\u2013554","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"11813_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1742","volume":"23","author":"LM Sullivan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sullivan LM, Massaro JM, D\u2019Agostino RB Sr (2004) Presentation of multivariate data for clinical use: the Framingham Study risk score functions. Stat Med 23:1631\u20131660","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"11813_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-0947-y","volume":"138","author":"S Raffa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raffa S, Leone L, Scrofani C, Monini S, Torrisi MR, Barbara M (2012) Cholesteatoma-associated fibroblasts modulate epithelial growth and differentiation through KGF\/FGF7 secretion. Histochem Cell Biol 138:251\u2013269","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"11813_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2010.00695.x","volume":"43","author":"Y Hamajima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamajima Y, Komori M, Preciado DA et al (2010) The role of inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id1) in hyperproliferation of keratinocytes: the pathological basis for middle ear cholesteatoma from chronic otitis media. Cell Prolif 43:457\u2013463","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"11813_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2015.03.004","volume":"22","author":"Y Ju","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ju Y, Liu A, Dong Y et al (2015) The value of nonenhanced single-source dual-energy CT for differentiating metastases from adenoma in adrenal glands. Acad Radiol 22:834\u2013839","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2020.02.17","volume":"10","author":"X Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang X, Gao S, Ma Y, Lu X, Jia Z, Hou Y (2020) The optimal monoenergetic spectral image level of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography on a dual-layer spectral detector CT with half-dose contrast media. Quant Imaging Med Surg 10:592\u2013603","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"11813_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01806-x","volume":"129","author":"Y Noda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noda Y, Ando T, Kaga T et al (2024) Pancreatic cancer detection with dual-energy CT: diagnostic performance of 40 keV and 70 keV virtual monoenergetic images. Radiol Med 129:677\u2013686","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"11813_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009211047455","volume":"35","author":"R Chakrabarti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakrabarti R, Gupta V, Vyas S, Gupta K, Singh V (2022) Correlation of dual energy computed tomography electron density measurements with cerebral glioma grade. Neuroradiol J 35:352\u2013362","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"11813_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10782-9","volume":"34","author":"J Jeong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeong J, Ham S, Shim E et al (2024) Electron density dual-energy CT can improve the detection of lumbar disc herniation with higher image quality than standard and virtual non-calcium images. Eur Radiol 34:7334\u20137346","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"11813_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101712","volume":"59","author":"EH Stefanescu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stefanescu EH, Balica NC, Motoi SB, Grigorita L, Georgescu M, Iovanescu G (2023) High-resolution computed tomography in middle ear cholesteatoma: How much do we need it?. Medicina (Kaunas) 59:1712","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"11813_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328364b473","volume":"21","author":"CE Corrales","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corrales CE, Blevins NH (2013) Imaging for evaluation of cholesteatoma: current concepts and future directions. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 21:461\u2013467","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"11813_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000004076","volume":"45","author":"DD Bu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bu DD, Schwam ZG, Wanna GB, Perez E, Cosetti MK (2024) Cost-effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging versus second-look surgery in treating cholesteatoma: a modeling study. Otol Neurotol 45:163\u2013168","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"11813_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-016-0516-3","volume":"7","author":"RK Lingam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lingam RK, Nash R, Majithia A, Kalan A, Singh A (2016) Non-echoplanar diffusion weighted imaging in the detection of post-operative middle ear cholesteatoma: navigating beyond the pitfalls to find the pearl. Insights Imaging 7:669\u2013678","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:08:35Z","timestamp":1772446115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["11813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11813-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Yang Hou.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"XL is affiliated with Philips Healthcare. The remaining authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board (2024PS203K).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}