{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:08:53Z","timestamp":1793275733869,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cancer League of Eastern Switzerland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether an AI system can identify breast cancer risk in interval breast cancer (IBC) screening mammograms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IBC screening mammograms from a Swiss screening program were retrospectively analyzed by radiologists\/an AI system. Radiologists determined whether the IBC mammogram showed human visible signs of breast cancer (potentially missed IBCs) or not (IBCs without retrospective abnormalities). The AI system provided a case score and a prognostic risk category per mammogram.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      119 IBC cases (mean age 57.3 (5.4)) were available with complete retrospective evaluations by radiologists\/the AI system. 82 (68.9%) were classified as IBCs without retrospective abnormalities and 37 (31.1%) as potentially missed IBCs. 46.2% of all IBCs received a case score \u2265 25, 25.2% \u2265 50, and 13.4% \u2265 75. Of the 25.2% of the IBCs \u2265 50 (vs. 13.4% of a no breast cancer population), 45.2% had not been discussed during a consensus conference, reflecting 11.4% of all IBC cases. The potentially missed IBCs received significantly higher case scores and risk classifications than IBCs without retrospective abnormalities (case score mean: 54.1 vs. 23.1; high risk: 48.7% vs. 14.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). 13.4% of the IBCs without retrospective abnormalities received a case score \u2265 50, of which 62.5% had not been discussed during a consensus conference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An AI system can identify IBC screening mammograms with a higher risk for breast cancer, particularly in potentially missed IBCs but also in some IBCs without retrospective abnormalities where radiologists did not see anything, indicating its ability to improve mammography screening quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>AI presents a promising opportunity to enhance breast cancer screening in general, but evidence is missing regarding its ability to reduce interval breast cancers.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>The AI system detected a high risk of breast cancer in most interval breast cancer screening mammograms where radiologists retrospectively detected abnormalities.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Utilization of an AI system in mammography screening programs can identify breast cancer risk in many interval breast cancer screening mammograms and thus potentially reduce the number of interval breast cancers.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11833-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T19:48:43Z","timestamp":1754336923000},"page":"824-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of interval breast cancer screening mammograms by radiologists and AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4698-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Subelack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Morant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Gr\u00e4wingholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ehlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"11833_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07917-2","volume":"21","author":"C Herrmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrmann C, Morant R, Walser E, Mousavi M, Th\u00fcrlimann B (2021) Screening is associated with lower mastectomy rates in eastern Switzerland beyond stage effects. 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All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors had sufficient statistical expertise for the conducted analyses.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"It was ruled to be a quality control study covered by the informed patient consent of the MSP. All data were pseudonymized by the Cancer Registry of Eastern Switzerland prior to analyses.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This retrospective cohort study was submitted to the Ethics Commission of Eastern Switzerland (EKOS\u201323\/061). It was ruled to be a quality control study covered by the informed patient consent of the mammography screening program. 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