{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:35:46Z","timestamp":1792758946196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reference values for the diameter of the thoracic aorta exist for children across all diagnostic imaging procedures, but not for the abdominal aorta. To our knowledge, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based reference values for the pediatric abdominal aorta have not yet been published. The aim of this study was to determine reference values for the aortic diameter in a pediatric population using MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      150 children (mean age, 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6 years) without history or clinical signs of cardiovascular disease underwent MRI, including a three-dimensional stack of stars gradient-recalled-echo sequence with fat-saturation after intravenous contrast administration. Aortic diameters at four levels (diaphragm, celiac trunk, renal arteries, superior to the aortic bifurcation) were measured by two radiologists. Interrater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Least squares regression models were used to relate aortic diameter to body surface area (BSA). Three model sets were evaluated with the Akaike information criterion to identify the best fit. After determining the optimal model, the influence of sex on diameter measurements was examined. Predicted diameter formulas were derived from the slope estimates, and mean squared error estimates were used to calculate\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interrater reliability between the aortic diameter measurements was excellent (ICC, 0.98\u20130.99). The polynomial regression of the natural logarithm was identified being the best model for all aortic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reference diameters for the abdominal aorta in children were determined considering BSA and sex. Data from a healthy population provides a valuable reference for clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>MRI-based reference values for the pediatric abdominal aorta have not yet been published<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Interrater reliability between the aortic diameter measurements was excellent, and natural logarithmic polynomial regression optimally models the aortic diameter to body surface area<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Establishing reference values for the pediatric abdominal aorta is essential for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular disease. This study provides normative graphs and tables to assess aortic diameters in relation to body surface area in clinical routine<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11893-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T06:26:34Z","timestamp":1754461594000},"page":"1421-1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing reference values for the pediatric abdominal aorta in MRI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4118-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corona","family":"Metz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pohrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Glutig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias Stephan","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Veldhoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"11893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000623","volume":"37","author":"MR Kocher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kocher MR, Waltz J, Collins H et al (2022) Normative values of pediatric thoracic aortic diameters indexed to body surface area using computed tomography. 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Pohrt (listed as co-author) kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study as this was a retrospective data analysis of clinical imaging.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"There is no overlap of the study cohort.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}