{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T23:08:25Z","timestamp":1794092905749,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer reduces the risk of death from lung cancer by at least 21% in high-risk participants and should be offered to people aged between 50 and 75 with at least 20 pack-years of smoking. Iterative reconstruction or deep learning algorithms should be used to keep the effective dose below 1\u2009mSv. Deep learning algorithms are required to facilitate the detection of nodules and the measurement of their volumetric growth. Only large solid nodules larger than 500\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      or those with spiculations, bubble-like lucencies, or pleural indentation and complex cysts should be investigated further. Short-term follow-up at 3 or 6 months is required for solid nodules of 100 to 500\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      . A watchful waiting approach is recommended for most subsolid nodules, to limit the risk of overtreatment. Finally, the description of additional findings must be limited if LCS is to be cost-effective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Low-dose CT screening reduces the risk of death from lung cancer by at least 21% in high-risk individuals, with a greater benefit in women.<\/jats:italic>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Quality assurance of screening is essential to control radiation dose and the number of false positives.<\/jats:italic>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Screening with low-dose CT scans detects incidental findings of variable clinical relevance, only those of importance should be reported.<\/jats:italic>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11910-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T10:29:38Z","timestamp":1755944978000},"page":"2064-2073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["ESR Essentials: lung cancer screening with low-dose CT\u2014practice recommendations by the European Society of Thoracic Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Pierre","family":"Revel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Biederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Snoeckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Prokop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Prosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anagha P.","family":"Parkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Frauenfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Larici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"11910_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","volume":"144","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I et al (2019) Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. 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A.N. received honoraria from Mevis, MSD, Aidence BV, and AstraZeneca. A proportion of his salary has previously been financed by Grail Inc., a biotechnology company. C.J. received institutional research grants and royalties from MeVis Medical Solutions, Bremen, Germany, and received payments to the host institute for lectures from Johnson and Johnson Medical and Canon Medical Systems. C.J. is an investigator in a public-private research project where Radboudumc collaborates with Philips Medical Systems and Siemens Healthineers. A.S. received institutional research grants from Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, a speaker fee from GE, and software from Coreline. M.P. received speaker fees from Bracco, Bayer, Siemens, and Canon and Royalties from Canon. H.P. received institutional research grants and royalties from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Siemens Healthineers and the Christian Doppler Research Association and the EU Commission (EU4Health, Horizon Europe Health) and received payments for lectures from AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bracco, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens Healthineers, and Takeda. T.F. received speaker fees from Bracco, Boehringer, and Bayer. A.R.L. receives a speaker fee from AstraZeneca, MSD, and benefits from Coreline software. J.B., A.P.P., and M.S. have no disclosures. In addition, HP is a Deputy Editor of\n                      European Radiology\n                      , C.J. is a member of the Scientific Editorial Board, and ARL is a member of the Advisory Editorial Board of the journal. They have not taken part in review or selection of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was not required.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}