{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:40:19Z","timestamp":1785332419781,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Project","award":["JCYJ20220530155805012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220530155805012"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Project","award":["JCYJ20240813112459030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813112459030"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong High-level Hospital Construction Fund","award":["ynkt2022-zz38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ynkt2022-zz38"]}]},{"name":"the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","award":["SZSM202011005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM202011005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1758634335000},"page":"2259-2270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early prediction of periventricular leukomalacia from MRI changes: a machine learning approach for risk stratification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jieqiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijiang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojun","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"11981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03650-1","volume":"97","author":"EM Loucaides","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loucaides EM, Yan G, Elliott J et al (2024) Neonatal intracranial pathologies on ultrasound imaging in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 97:1855\u20131868","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"11981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2118904","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.18904","volume":"4","author":"Y Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Y, Jiang S, Sun J et al (2021) Assessment of neonatal intensive care unit practices, morbidity, and mortality among very preterm infants in China. JAMA Netw Open 4:e2118904","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"11981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","volume":"314","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF et al (2015) Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993\u20132012. JAMA 314:1039","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04177-x","volume":"181","author":"JH Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han JH, Yoon SJ, Lim JH et al (2022) The impact of neonatal morbidities on child growth and developmental outcomes in very low birth weight infants: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 181:197\u2013205","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"11981_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-023-09489-7","volume":"15","author":"J Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song J, Yue Y, Sun H et al (2023) Clinical characteristics and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of leukomalacia in preterm infants and term infants: a cohort study. J Neurodev Disord 15:24","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"11981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2024.10.019","volume":"163","author":"A Fox","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fox A, Cuzzilla R, Tarrant A et al (2025) Utility of cranial ultrasound to investigate brain injury in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 163:15\u201320","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"11981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1382823","volume":"45","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Guo J, Xu F, Zhu C, Song J (2014) Predictive value of early amplitude-integrated electroencephalography for later diagnosed cerebral white matter damage in preterm infants. Neuropediatrics 45:314\u2013320","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"11981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181bf5fab","volume":"67","author":"A Leviton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leviton A, Allred EN, Kuban KCK et al (2010) Microbiologic and histologic characteristics of the extremely preterm infant\u2019s placenta predict white matter damage and later cerebral palsy. The ELGAN study. Pediatr Res 67:95\u2013101","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"11981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27.e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.049","volume":"209","author":"A Stewart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewart A, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM et al (2013) Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for periventricular white matter injury. Am J Obstet Gynecol 209:27.e21\u201327.e27","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"11981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2025.01.021","volume":"166","author":"K Mohammad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammad K, Reddy Gurram Venkata SK, Wintermark P et al (2025) Consensus approach for standardization of the timing of brain MRI and classification of brain injury in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy\/hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): a Canadian perspective. Pediatr Neurol 166:16\u201331","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"11981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100984","volume":"38","author":"O Carney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carney O, Hughes E, Tusor N et al (2021) Incidental findings on brain MR imaging of asymptomatic term neonates in the Developing Human Connectome Project. EClinicalMedicine 38:100984","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"11981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738211026052","volume":"37","author":"N Reddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reddy N, Doyle M, Hanagandi P et al (2022) Neuroradiological mimics of periventricular leukomalacia. J Child Neurol 37:151\u2013167","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"11981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44591-3","volume":"15","author":"P Neher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neher P, Hirjak D, Maier-Hein K (2024) Radiomic tractometry reveals tract-specific imaging biomarkers in white matter. Nat Commun 15:303","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"11981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E256","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021219005","volume":"299","author":"MR Tomaszewski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tomaszewski MR, Gillies RJ (2021) The biological meaning of radiomic features. Radiology 299:E256","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"11981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105825","volume":"167","author":"A Bowler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bowler A, Arichi T, Austerberry C, Fearon P, Ronald A (2024) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between motor milestone timing and motor development in neurodevelopmental conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 167:105825","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"11981_CR16","unstructured":"Harb A, Margetis K, Kishner S (2025) Modified Ashworth scale. In: StatPearls. StatPearls, Treasure Island"},{"key":"11981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280218784726","volume":"28","author":"MV Smeden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smeden MV, Moons KG, Groot JAD et al (2019) Sample size for binary logistic prediction models: beyond events per variable criteria. Stat Methods Med Res 28:2455\u20132474","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"11981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211597","volume":"304","author":"CS Moskowitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moskowitz CS, Welch ML, Jacobs MA, Kurland BF, Simpson AL (2022) Radiomic analysis: study design, statistical analysis, and other bias mitigation strategies. Radiology 304:265\u2013273","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"11981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2221325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21325","volume":"5","author":"D Groos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Groos D, Adde L, Aubert S et al (2022) Development and validation of a deep learning method to predict cerebral palsy from spontaneous movements in infants at high risk. JAMA Netw Open 5:e2221325","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"11981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.240076","volume":"6","author":"CO Lew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lew CO, Calabrese E, Chen JV et al (2024) Artificial intelligence outcome prediction in neonates with encephalopathy (AI-OPiNE). Radiol Artif Intell 6:e240076","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"key":"11981_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12644","volume":"29","author":"J Salas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salas J, Reddy N, Carson KA, Northington FJ, Huisman TAGM (2019) Ultrasound predicts white matter integrity after hypothermia therapy in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. J Neuroimaging 29:743\u2013749","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"11981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000001020","volume":"35","author":"T Mohanty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohanty T, Joseph SD, Gunasekaran PK, Doreswamy SM, Saini L (2023) Predictors of risk for cerebral palsy: a review. Pediatr Phys Ther 35:347\u2013357","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"11981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2485","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201274","volume":"99","author":"A Marefi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marefi A, Husein N, Dunbar M et al (2022) Risk factors for term-born periventricular white matter injury in children with cerebral palsy: a case-control study. Neurology 99:e2485\u2013e2493","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"11981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02371-z","volume":"13","author":"L Del Fabro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Del Fabro L, Bondi E, Serio F, Maggioni E, D\u2019Agostino A, Brambilla P (2023) Machine learning methods to predict outcomes of pharmacological treatment in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 13:75","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"11981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-022-01032-4","volume":"19","author":"S Campagnini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campagnini S, Arienti C, Patrini M, Liuzzi P, Mannini A, Carrozza MC (2022) Machine learning methods for functional recovery prediction and prognosis in post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 19:54","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"11981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3390\/jcp3040037","volume":"3","author":"H Ghani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghani H, Salekzamankhani S, Virdee B (2023) A hybrid dimensionality reduction for network intrusion detection. J Cybersecur Priv 3:830\u2013843","journal-title":"J Cybersecur Priv"},{"key":"11981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100105","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-med.2024.100105","volume":"2","author":"G Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng G, Xu H, Wan S et al (2024) Twelve practical recommendations for developing and applying clinical predictive models. Innov Med 2:100105","journal-title":"Innov Med"},{"key":"11981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119702","volume":"264","author":"LM Bartels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bartels LM, Doucette J, Birkl C, Zhang Y, Weber AM, Rauscher A (2022) Orientation dependence of R2 relaxation in the newborn brain. Neuroimage 264:119702","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"11981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30339","volume":"93","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu J, Qin F, Tian F et al (2025) Age-specific optimization of the T-weighted MRI contrast in infant and toddler brain. Magn Reson Med 93:1014\u20131025","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"11981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courant R, Edberg M, Dufour N, Kalogeiton V (2023) Transformers and visual transformers. In: Colliot O (ed) Machine learning for brain disorders. Humana, New York, pp 193\u2013229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3195-9_6"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T13:20:19Z","timestamp":1772716819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["11981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11981-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr Hongwu Zeng, Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Muhammad Hassan (Ph.D. in Electronic Engineering) kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statistics and biometry"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap"}},{"order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Methodology"}}]}}