{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:27:15Z","timestamp":1790116035155,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:53:24Z","timestamp":1773399204000},"page":"5669-5677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing breast MRI image quality: the bMRI-QUAL scoring system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Marziali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Depretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Della Pepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Irmici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreno","family":"Zanardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco P.","family":"Scaperrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Sardanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"12439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.015","volume":"46","author":"F Sardanelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sardanelli F, Boetes C, Borisch B et al (2010) Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: recommendations from the EUSOMA working group. Eur J Cancer 46:1296\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"12439_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16682","volume":"209","author":"N Berger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berger N, Luparia A, Di Leo G et al (2017) Diagnostic performance of MRI versus galactography in women with pathologic nipple discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 209:465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.16.16682","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"12439_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180016","DOI":"10.1259\/bjro.20180016","volume":"1","author":"G Panzironi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panzironi G, Pediconi F, Sardanelli F (2019) Nipple discharge: the state of the art. BJR|Open 1:20180016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjro.20180016","journal-title":"BJR|Open"},{"key":"12439_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903986","volume":"381","author":"MF Bakker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bakker MF, de Lange SV, Pijnappel RM et al (2019) Supplemental MRI screening for women with extremely dense breast tissue. N Engl J Med 381:2091\u20132102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1903986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12439_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08617-6","volume":"32","author":"RM Mann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mann RM, Athanasiou A, Baltzer PAT et al (2022) Breast cancer screening in women with extremely dense breasts recommendations of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI). Eur Radiol 32:4036\u20134045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-022-08617-6","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01653-4","volume":"15","author":"F Sardanelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sardanelli F, Magni V, Rossini G et al (2024) The paradox of MRI for breast cancer screening: high-risk and dense breasts\u2014available evidence and current practice. Insights Imaging 15:96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01653-4","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"12439_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06824-7","volume":"30","author":"F Sardanelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sardanelli F, Trimboli RM, Houssami N et al (2020) Solving the preoperative breast MRI conundrum: design and protocol of the MIPA study. Eur Radiol 30:5427\u20135436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-020-06824-7","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210096","volume":"42","author":"BD Nore\u00f1a-Rengifo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nore\u00f1a-Rengifo BD, San\u00edn-Ram\u00edrez MP, Adrada BE et al (2022) MRI for evaluation of complications of breast augmentation. Radiographics 42:929\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.210096","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"12439_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.5386","volume":"32","author":"CK Kuhl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuhl CK, Schrading S, Strobel K et al (2014) Abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): first postcontrast subtracted images and maximum-intensity projection\u2014a novel approach to breast cancer screening with MRI. J Clin Oncol 32:2304\u20132310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.5386","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"12439_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae196","volume":"97","author":"F Pesapane","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pesapane F, Battaglia O, Rotili A et al (2024) Comparative diagnostic efficacy of abbreviated and full protocol breast MRI: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Br J Radiol 97:1915\u20131924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjr\/tqae196","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.07.002","volume":"27","author":"L Ruiz-Flores","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruiz-Flores L, Whitman GJ, Le-Petross HTC et al (2020) Variation in technical quality of breast MRI. Acad Radiol 27:468\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2019.07.002","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dickinson BP, Vu MB, Silverstein M et al (2022) Preoperative MRI to improve aesthetic outcomes in secondary mastopexy augmentation: a step-by-step approach. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac068","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac068"},{"key":"12439_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3807-z","volume":"25","author":"RM Mann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mann RM, Balleyguier C, Baltzer PA et al (2015) Breast MRI: EUSOBI recommendations for women\u2019s information. Eur Radiol 25:3669\u20133678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-015-3807-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sardanelli F, Carbonaro LA, Montemezzi S et al (2016) Clinical breast MR using MRS or DWI: Who is the winner? Front Oncol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2016.00217","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2016.00217"},{"key":"12439_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06510-3","volume":"30","author":"P Baltzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baltzer P, Mann RM, Iima M et al (2020) Diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast-a consensus and mission statement from the EUSOBI International Breast Diffusion-Weighted Imaging working group. Eur Radiol 30:1436\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06510-3","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-00996-6","volume":"12","author":"F Giganti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giganti F, Kirkham A, Kasivisvanathan V et al (2021) Understanding PI-QUAL for prostate MRI quality: a practical primer for radiologists. Insights Imaging 12:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-021-00996-6","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"12439_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11392-9","volume":"35","author":"J Barentsz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barentsz J, Thijssen L, Moore C, de Rooij M (2025) Why quality matters in prostate-MR images: implementing PI-QUAL v2 for improved diagnosis and research. Eur Radiol 35:4927\u20134929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-025-11392-9","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00474-w","volume":"8","author":"CB Monti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Monti CB, Ambrogi F, Sardanelli F (2024) Sample size calculation for data reliability and diagnostic performance: a go-to review. Eur Radiol Exp 8:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-024-00474-w","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"12439_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00525-2","volume":"8","author":"C Kremser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kremser C, Gruber L, Dietzel M et al (2024) Quantification of breast biopsy clip marker artifact on routine breast MRI sequences: a phantom study. Eur Radiol Exp 8:128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-024-00525-2","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"12439_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7068","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10795-4","volume":"34","author":"M de Rooij","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Rooij M, Allen C, Twilt JJ et al (2024) PI-QUAL version 2: an update of a standardised scoring system for the assessment of image quality of prostate MRI. Eur Radiol 34:7068\u20137079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-10795-4","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12439_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32100571","volume":"32","author":"KM Spuur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Spuur KM, Singh CL, Al Mousa D, Chau MT (2025) Automated software evaluation in screening mammography: a scoping review of image quality and technique assessment. Curr Oncol 32:571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol32100571","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"12439_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.02.025","volume":"29","author":"E Aluki\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aluki\u0107 E, Homar K, Pavi\u0107 M et al (2023) The impact of subjective image quality evaluation in mammography. Radiography 29:526\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2023.02.025","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"12439_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103017","volume":"31","author":"T Santner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santner T, Ruppert C, Gianolini S et al (2025) PGMI assessment in mammography: AI software versus human readers. Radiography 31: 103017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103017","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"12439_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2020.02.003","volume":"51","author":"L Biganzoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biganzoli L, Cardoso F, Beishon M et al (2020) The requirements of a specialist breast centre. Breast 51:65\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.breast.2020.02.003","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"12439_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185120912408","volume":"62","author":"LA Carbonaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carbonaro LA, Schiaffino S, Clauser P et al (2021) Side of contrast injection and breast size correlate with motion artifacts grade and image quality on breast MRI. Acta Radiol 62:19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185120912408","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:33:41Z","timestamp":1790076821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["12439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12439-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Francesco Sardanelli.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Guarantor","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Francesco Sardanelli received a research grant, participated in ad hoc advisory boards, and held a sponsored talk from\/for Bayer Healthcare and held a sponsored talk for Siemens Healthineers. The remaining authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Moreno Zanardo and Francesco Sardanelli kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statistics and biometry","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was not required for this study because all examinations were performed as part of standard clinical care, and the analysis was retrospective on anonymized data, in accordance with institutional policy.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Ethics Committee Lombardia 4, approval date 19 June 2025, protocol ID INT 121\/25.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Methodology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}