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Assessment of the placenta was performed using 1.5- and 3-T fetal MRI scans and included analysis of twelve structural parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first data on in vivo fetal MRI results regarding the effects of PAE on placenta structure. We identified an association of PAE with increased occurrence rates of placental lobulation, venous congestion, any type of placental hematoma, subamniotic hematoma on the placental surface, specifically, and hypercoiled umbilical cord. A trend was observed with increased placental lobulation occurring at earlier gestational ages in PAE+ patients. Overall, more structural placental anomalies were detected in women with PAE compared to unexposed controls, despite a relatively low amount of alcohol consumption (1\u20133 drinks per week) within the exposed group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early detection of PAE is essential, considering the potentially detrimental effects of ethanol on placental structure. Fetal MRI provides a complementary tool for ultrasound-based assessment of fetus and placenta, not only in cases with congenital disorders, but also to assess effects of epigenetic factors such as PAE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>To assess the presence of structural placental anomalies in patients with PAE and unexposed controls in fetal MRI<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>PAE is associated with increased occurrence rates of placental abnormalities - regarding the total number and type of structural anomalies<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Fetal MRI provides a complementary tool to ultrasound to assess the placenta. Early detection of structural placental anomalies, which were found to occur more frequently in alcohol exposed fetuses, may aid counseling physicians in choosing appropriate pregnancy management plans<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12597-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:26:50Z","timestamp":1778088410000},"page":"7118-7128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal alcohol exposure affects placental degradation\u2014a retrospective fetal MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Marlene","family":"Stuempflen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric","family":"Kienast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor U.","family":"Schmidbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Glatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana C.","family":"Diogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mittermaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix R. 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Other Financial or Material Support: BRACCO, Lilly - all unrelated to the topic of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"M.W. has significant statistical expertise (expert and post-doctoral biostatistician at our institution).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statistics and biometry","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (EK number 2199\/2017).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Patients investigated in this study were initially recruited as part of a prospective study conducted between November 2018 and August 2021 (1). Some of the initial patient cohort of 500 pregnant women were selected for this study to assess placental anomalies, while the previous study investigated the fetal brain. (1) Stuempflen M, Schwartz E, Diogo MC et al (2023) Fetal MRI-based brain atlas analysis detects initial in utero effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. Cerebral Cortex. 33:6852\u20136861.\n                      \n                      .","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Methodology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}