{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:08:39Z","timestamp":1789380519091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare image quality between GRASP-VIBE (free-breathing) and CAIPIRINHA-VIBE (breath-hold) sequences in dynamic liver MRI in a pediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included 70 children who underwent dynamic liver MRI at 3\u2009T with either GRASP-VIBE (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940) or CAIPIRINHA-VIBE (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940) acquisition. Ten patients underwent both imaging protocols at different time points. Image pairs were matched at four representative anatomical levels using vascular landmarks. Four dynamic contrast phases (pre-contrast, arterial, portal venous, delayed venous) at each anatomic level were independently reviewed by two radiologists, leading to a total of 640 comparisons per reader. Reader preference was assessed using a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Inter- and intra-reader agreement were analyzed using binomial tests and Cohen\u2019s \u03ba.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GRASP-VIBE was preferred over CAIPIRINHA-VIBE across all contrast-enhanced phases of pediatric liver MRI: 82.2% [526\/640] in the arterial, 83.1% [532\/640] in the portal venous, 71.3% [456\/640] in the delayed venous (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant difference was observed for the pre-contrast phase with 59.4% [380\/640] GRASP-VIBE preference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.45). Strongest GRASP-VIBE preferences were observed in older children and adolescents and in examinations performed without anesthesia. Across all anatomical levels, GRASP consistently outperformed Caipirinha-VIBE in contrast-enhanced phases. Inter-reader agreement was moderate in the arterial (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.51) and delayed venous (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.48) phases, and slight in pre-contrast (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.19) and portal venous (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.20) phases (intra-reader agreement, \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.56, \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.60, \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.28 and \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.42).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GRASP-VIBE offered superior subjective image quality compared to CAIPIRINHA-VIBE in pediatric liver MRI, especially in early contrast phases. Its free-breathing approach might be particularly advantageous regarding image quality in children unable to perform breath-holds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Question<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Does free-breathing GRASP-VIBE provide superior image quality compared to breath-hold CAIPIRINHA-VIBE for dynamic liver MRI in pediatric patients?<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>GRASP-VIBE was preferred across all contrast phases, delivering consistently higher-quality images than CAIPIRINHA-VIBE, particularly in children unable to perform breath-holds.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Clinical relevance<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Using GRASP-VIBE enables high-quality dynamic pediatric liver MRI. Further research is needed to determine whether this sequence can reduce the need for sedation or general anesthesia in children.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12635-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:24:18Z","timestamp":1779362658000},"page":"7796-7805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic contrast-enhanced liver MRI in children: image quality comparison between GRASP-VIBE and CAIPIRINHA-VIBE"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Veldhoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pohrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias Stephan","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corona","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"12635_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W519","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6076","volume":"196","author":"CL Mitchell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitchell CL, Vasanawala SS (2011) An approach to pediatric liver MRI. 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Veldhoen.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Guarantor","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper. A.P. (Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany) is experienced with statistics\/biometry.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statistics and biometry","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived by the IRB.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No overlap in subjects or cohorts.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Methodology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}