{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:49:34Z","timestamp":1791938974603,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:48:13Z","timestamp":1781722093000},"page":"8083-8096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MRI-based assessment of tumor aggressiveness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: risk stratification and survival prediction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Iv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoduo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"12680_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H et al (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 74:229\u2013263","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"12680_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.20181","volume":"330","author":"HQ Mai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mai HQ, Chen QY, Chen D et al (2023) Toripalimab plus chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the JUPITER-02 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 330:1961\u20131970","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"12680_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.1132","volume":"333","author":"YL Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang YL, Liu X, Shen LF et al (2025) Adjuvant PD-1 blockade with camrelizumab for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the DIPPER randomized clinical trial. JAMA 333:1589\u20131598","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"12680_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.60.9347","volume":"33","author":"AW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee AW, Ma BB, Ng WT, Chan AT (2015) Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current practice and future perspective. J Clin Oncol 33:3356\u20133364","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01411-y","volume":"14","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang F, Wei H, Li X et al (2023) Pretreatment synthetic magnetic resonance imaging predicts disease progression in nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity modulation radiation therapy. Insights Imaging 14:59","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"12680_CR6","first-page":"295","volume":"3","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Sun S, Zhang Y et al (2023) Predictive function of tumor burden-incorporated machine-learning algorithms for overall survival and their value in guiding management decisions in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Cent 3:295\u2013305","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"key":"12680_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.230544","volume":"7","author":"J Kou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kou J, Peng JY, Lv WB et al (2025) A serial MRI-based deep learning model to predict survival in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiol Artif Intell 7:e230544","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"key":"12680_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan JJ, Mai HQ, Ng WT et al (2024) Ninth version of the AJCC and UICC nasopharyngeal cancer TNM staging classification. JAMA Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4354","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4354"},{"key":"12680_CR9","unstructured":"Du XJ, Wang GY, Zhu XD et al (2024) Refining the 8th edition TNM classification for EBV related nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Cell 42:464\u2013473.e463"},{"key":"12680_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103933","volume":"9","author":"TSA Kwong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwong TSA, Leung HS, Mo FKF et al (2024) Volumetric measurement to evaluate treatment response to induction chemotherapy on MRI outperformed RECIST guideline in outcome prediction in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ESMO Open 9:103933","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"12680_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.07.023","volume":"151","author":"H Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma H, Liang S, Cui C et al (2020) Prognostic significance of quantitative metastatic lymph node burden on magnetic resonance imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study of 1224 patients from two centers. Radiother Oncol 151:40\u201346","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong A, Zhu S, Ma H et al (2023) Matted lymph nodes on MRI in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: prognostic factor and potential indication for induction chemotherapy benefits. J Magn Reson Imaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.29012","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29012"},{"key":"12680_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.110765","volume":"205","author":"F Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang F, Peng W, Wei H et al (2025) Pretreatment arterial spin labeling combined with radiological depth of invasion predicts treatment outcome in nonmetastatic NPC. Radiother Oncol 205:110765","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70143","volume":"6","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Han Y, Feng M et al (2025) Subsequent survival and loss of lifetime for patients with progression-free 24 months after treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive nationwide population-based analysis. MedComm 6:e70143","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"12680_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang F, Wei H, Wang S et al (2025) The prognostic value of intra- and peritumoral habitat analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: combining IVIM and ASL. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-025-12121-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-12121-y"},{"key":"12680_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-022-02017-2","volume":"17","author":"Z Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Z, Zhang L, He Q et al (2022) Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation. Radiat Oncol 17:52","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.101942","volume":"6","author":"W Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wang GY, Qin GJ et al (2025) Advanced image-identified extranodal extension of retropharyngeal lymph nodes in the refinement of N classification for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 6:101942","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"12680_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230527","volume":"309","author":"H Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang H, Yang C, Chen Y et al (2023) Development of a model including MRI features for predicting advanced-stage recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection. Radiology 309:e230527","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12680_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.233229","volume":"314","author":"K Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang K, He K, Zhang L et al (2025) Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI scoring model to predict pathologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 314:e233229","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12680_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01847-2","volume":"25","author":"A Teeraakaravipas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Teeraakaravipas A, Ritlumlert N, Rakvongthai Y, Paprad T, Lertbutsayanukul C, Jittapiromsak N (2025) The use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and parametric response mapping for disease outcome prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Med Imaging 25:308","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"12680_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-025-02677-w","volume":"20","author":"S Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong S, Pan G, Zhang Z et al (2025) Beyond the ratio of tumor reduction: residual volume after induction chemotherapy emerges as the optimal biomarker in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. Radiat Oncol 20:100","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.739103","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Zang J, Liu J et al (2021) Residual volume of lymph nodes during chemoradiotherapy based nomogram to predict survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient receiving induction chemotherapy. Front Oncol 11:739103","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.10.032","volume":"126","author":"AW Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee AW, Ng WT, Pan JJ et al (2018) International guideline for the delineation of the clinical target volumes (CTV) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 126:25\u201336","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"12680_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.10.006","volume":"103","author":"NN Sanford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanford NN, Lau J, Lam MB et al (2019) Individualization of clinical target volume delineation based on stepwise spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: outcome of more than a decade of clinical experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 103:654\u2013668","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"12680_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.231611","volume":"310","author":"Q Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Q, Li P, Zhang J et al (2024) CT predictors of visceral pleural invasion in patients with non-small cell lung cancers 30 mm or smaller. Radiology 310:e231611","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12680_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232713","volume":"312","author":"G Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao G, Liu L, Liu J, Zeng M (2024) Arterial mucosal linear enhancement at contrast-enhanced MRI to exclude residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rectal cancer. Radiology 312:e232713","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"12680_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09450-1","volume":"33","author":"L Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan L, Hu J, Chen S et al (2023) Prediction of lymph node metastasis in stage T1-2 rectal cancers with MRI-based deep learning. Eur Radiol 33:3638\u20133646","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"12680_CR28","first-page":"e37047","volume":"15","author":"S Goyal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goyal S, Rangankar V, Deshmukh S, Prabhu ASJ (2023) MRI evaluation of soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions of extremities. Cureus 15:e37047","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"12680_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1321","volume":"192","author":"ER Heinz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heinz ER, Provenzale JM (2009) Imaging findings in neonatal hypoxia: a practical review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:41\u201347","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"12680_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5684-3","volume":"19","author":"TX Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang TX, Lu N, Lian SS et al (2019) The primary lesion apparent diffusion coefficient is a prognostic factor for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 19:470","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"12680_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217276","volume":"605","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yan W, Qi X et al (2024) Significance of longitudinal Epstein-Barr virus DNA combined with multipoint tumor response for dynamic risk stratification and treatment adaptation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 605:217276","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"12680_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01918-2","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yan W, Chen Y et al (2025) Treatment response-adapted risk index model for survival prediction and adjuvant chemotherapy selection in nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NPJ Digit Med 8:564","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"12680_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.07.001","volume":"42","author":"J Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv J, Xu LX, Li ZX et al (2024) Longitudinal on-treatment circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for real-time dynamic risk monitoring in cancer patients: the EP-SEASON study. Cancer Cell 42:1401\u20131414.e1404","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"12680_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.109443","volume":"179","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang J et al (2023) Caudal distribution pattern of metastatic neck lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognostic significance of nodal spread distances. Radiother Oncol 179:109443","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:03:41Z","timestamp":1791936221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["12680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12680-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Hongmei Zhang.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Guarantor","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statistics and biometry","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Some study subjects (52 patients\/a total of 505 patients) have been previously reported in (\n                      \n                      ).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Methodology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}