{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:09:32Z","timestamp":1792782572671,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Scence, Culture, and Sports of Japan","award":["17390239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17390239"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Scence, Culture, and Sports of Japan","award":["2139053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2139053"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Scence, Culture, and Sports of Japan","award":["23K2760603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K2760603"]}]},{"name":"Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"name":"Pfizer, Inc."},{"name":"the Respiratory Failure Research Group by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mwa7s65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:46:33Z","timestamp":1791369993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CT-based pulmonary vascular pruning and emphysema: clinical correlations and prognostic impacts in COPD"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nobuyasu","family":"Wakazono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Chubachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoruko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Otake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironi","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Mita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Wakazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munehiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Oguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Igarashi-Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houman","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichizo","family":"Tsujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"12911_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.04.021","volume":"40","author":"G Dauriat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dauriat G, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Cottin V et al (2021) Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective French multicenter cohort. J Heart Lung Transplant 40:1009\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2021.04.021","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"12911_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00115402","volume":"21","author":"JA Barber\u00e0","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barber\u00e0 JA, Peinado VI, Santos S (2003) Pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 21:892\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.03.00115402","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"12911_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00245902","volume":"19","author":"S Santos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Santos S, Peinado VI, Ram\u00edrez J et al (2002) Characterization of pulmonary vascular remodelling in smokers and patients with mild COPD. Eur Respir J 19:632\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00245902","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"12911_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00254","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00254-2022","volume":"8","author":"P Bhattarai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhattarai P, Lu W, Gaikwad AV et al (2022) Arterial remodelling in smokers and in patients with small airway disease and COPD: implications for lung physiology and early origins of pulmonary hypertension. ERJ Open Res 8:00254\u201302022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"12911_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0162OC","volume":"188","author":"RS Estepar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Estepar RS, Kinney GL, Black-Shinn JL et al (2013) Computed tomographic measures of pulmonary vascular morphology in smokers and their clinical implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201301-0162OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2426OC","volume":"198","author":"SY Ash","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ash SY, Rahaghi FN, Come CE et al (2018) Pruning of the pulmonary vasculature in asthma. The Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201712-2426OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.084","volume":"160","author":"CL Pistenmaa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pistenmaa CL, Nardelli P, Ash SY et al (2021) Pulmonary arterial pruning and longitudinal change in percent emphysema and lung function: the genetic epidemiology of COPD study. Chest 160:470\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2021.01.084","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"12911_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201009-1535OC","volume":"183","author":"N Tanabe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanabe N, Muro S, Hirai T et al (2011) Impact of exacerbations on emphysema progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:1653\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201009-1535OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215085","volume":"76","author":"N Tanabe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanabe N, Sato S, Tanimura K et al (2021) Associations of CT evaluations of antigravity muscles, emphysema and airway disease with longitudinal outcomes in patients with COPD. Thorax 76:295\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215085","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"12911_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-13","volume":"15","author":"M Miyazaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miyazaki M, Nakamura H, Chubachi S et al (2014) Analysis of comorbid factors that increase the COPD assessment test scores. Respir Res 15:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1465-9921-15-13","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"12911_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12429","volume":"20","author":"S Chubachi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chubachi S, Nakamura H, Sasaki M et al (2014) Polymorphism of LRP5 gene and emphysema severity are associated with osteoporosis in Japanese patients with or at risk for COPD. Respirology 20:286\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12429","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"12911_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.08.012","volume":"131","author":"I Hidehiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hidehiro I, Shotaro C, Minako S et al (2017) Characteristics of patients with increasing COPD assessment test scores within 3 years. Respir Med 131:101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.08.012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"12911_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.072777","volume":"62","author":"H Makita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Makita H, Nasuhara Y, Nagai K et al (2007) Characterisation of phenotypes based on severity of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 62:932\u2013937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2006.072777","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"12911_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-0992OC","volume":"185","author":"M Nishimura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nishimura M, Makita H, Nagai K et al (2012) Annual change in pulmonary function and clinical phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201106-0992OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213525","volume":"75","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Tanabe N, Tho NV et al (2020) Per cent low attenuation volume and fractal dimension of low attenuation clusters on CT predict different long-term outcomes in COPD. Thorax 75:116\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213525","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"12911_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1137603","volume":"14","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Kimura H, Tanabe N et al (2023) Relationships of computed tomography-based small vessel indices of the lungs with ventilation heterogeneity and high transfer coefficients in non-smokers with asthma. Front Physiol 14:1137603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1137603","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"12911_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70114","volume":"30","author":"N Wakazono","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wakazono N, Shimizu K, Tanabe N et al (2025) High airway-to-vessel volume ratio and visual bronchiectasis are associated with exacerbations in COPD. Respirology 30:1131\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.70114","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"12911_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01953-7","volume":"23","author":"SW Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park SW, Lim MN, Kim WJ, Bak SH (2022) Quantitative assessment the longitudinal changes of pulmonary vascular counts in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 23:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-01953-7","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"12911_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105482","volume":"365","author":"J Vestbo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vestbo J, Edwards LD, Scanlon PD et al (2011) Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD. N Engl J Med 365:1184\u20131192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1105482","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12911_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-218288","volume":"78","author":"H Shima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shima H, Tanabe N, Oguma A et al (2023) Subtyping emphysematous COPD by respiratory volume change distributions on CT. Thorax 78:344\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-218288","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"12911_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2971","volume":"18","author":"CJ Galb\u00e1n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galb\u00e1n CJ, Han MK, Boes JL et al (2012) Computed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression. Nat Med 18:1711\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2971","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"12911_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","volume":"23","author":"GR Lawrence","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lawrence GR, Wyman WL, Jonathan A et al (2010) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography: endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23:685\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"12911_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.S230952","volume":"15","author":"S Nakayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakayama S, Chubachi S, Sakurai K et al (2020) Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with pulmonary hypertension assessed by echocardiography in a three-year observational cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 15:487\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/copd.S230952","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"12911_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9259","volume":"41","author":"PC Austin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Austin PC, Fang J, Lee DS (2022) Using fractional polynomials and restricted cubic splines to model non-proportional hazards or time-varying covariate effects in the Cox regression model. Stat Med 41:612\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.9259","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"12911_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206160","volume":"70","author":"PM Jairam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jairam PM, van der Graaf Y, Lammers JW, Mali WP, de Jong PA (2015) Incidental findings on chest CT imaging are associated with increased COPD exacerbations and mortality. Thorax 70:725\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206160","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"12911_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201811-2063OC","volume":"200","author":"GR Washko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Washko GR, Nardelli P, Ash SY et al (2019) Arterial vascular pruning, right ventricular size, and clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A longitudinal observational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200:454\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201811-2063OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.S77586","volume":"10","author":"K Nagai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagai K, Makita H, Suzuki M et al (2015) Differential changes in quality of life components over 5 years in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 10:745\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/copd.S77586","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"12911_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00181","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00181-2021","volume":"8","author":"C Esteban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esteban C, Arostegui I, Aramburu A et al (2022) Changes in health-related quality of life as a marker in the prognosis in COPD patients. ERJ Open Res 8:00181\u201302021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"12911_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2449","volume":"148","author":"C Casanova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Casanova C, Marin JM, Martinez-Gonzalez C et al (2015) Differential effect of modified Medical Research Council dyspnea, COPD assessment test, and clinical COPD questionnaire for symptoms evaluation within the new GOLD staging and mortality in COPD. Chest 148:159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-2449","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"12911_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1237-1","volume":"20","author":"RN Criner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Criner RN, Hatt CR, Galb\u00e1n CJ et al (2019) Relationship between diffusion capacity and small airway abnormality in COPDGene. Respir Res 20:269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1237-1","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"12911_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202405-1043RL","volume":"211","author":"S Verbanck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verbanck S, Boonen P, Vandemeulebroucke J, Cools W, San Jos\u00e9 Est\u00e9par R, Vanderhelst E (2025) Vascular pruning, peripheral air space alterations, and carbon monoxide transfer in smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 211:278\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202405-1043RL","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"12911_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/jci10259","volume":"106","author":"Y Kasahara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Taraseviciene-Stewart L et al (2000) Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema. J Clin Invest 106:1311\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci10259","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"12911_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.023986","volume":"60","author":"AR Kranenburg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kranenburg AR, de Boer WI, Alagappan VK, Sterk PJ, Sharma HS (2005) Enhanced bronchial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 60:106\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2004.023986","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["European Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:46:35Z","timestamp":1791369995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["12911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-026-12911-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The scientific guarantor of this publication is Kaoruko Shimizu.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Guarantor","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have reported the following to\n                      European Radiology\n                      : K.S. received honoraria from AstraZeneca K.K., outside the submitted work. Na.T. was supported by grants from FUJIFILM Co., Ltd., and Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd., received honoraria from AstraZeneca K.K., outside the submitted work. A.I.S. was supported by grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., and Hokkaido Heart Association, outside the submitted work. I.T. was supported by grants from Mochida Pharmaceuticals K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Medical System Network Co., Ltd., Kaneka Corp., and Takeyama Co., Ltd., and received honoraria from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., outside the submitted work. S.S. was supported by grants from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Philips-Respironics, Fukuda Denshi, Fukuda Lifetec Keiji, and ResMed, outside the submitted work. K.A. received honoraria from AstraZeneca K.K. and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. K.F. received honoraria from Novartis, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., AstraZeneca, and KYORIN Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. S.K. was supported by grants from Mochida Pharmaceuticals K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Medical System Network Co., Ltd., Kaneka Corp., Takeyama Co., Ltd., and Novartis, and received honoraria from AstraZeneca K.K., and KYORIN Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. None of these companies played a role in the design or analysis of the study or in the writing of the manuscript. N.W., S.C., S.O., Y.S., H.M., K.O., S.A., A.M., M.W., HirokiN., Y.K., M.M., A.O., No.T., H.K., H.G., HidetoshiN., and M.N. declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"One of the authors (K.O.) has significant statistical expertise.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Statistics and biometry","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Prior to the commencement of the study, all participants in the cohort provided either written or oral informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects (Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare). The K-CCR was approved by the Ethics Committees of Keio University (No. 20090008). The Hokkaido COPD cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hokkaido University Hospital (reference numbers: 018-0394 and 022-0007).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Some participants in the K-CCR and Hokkaido COPD Cohort Study have been included in previous publications; however, the present analyses focusing on CT-based pulmonary vascular pruning and its prognostic implications are novel and have not been previously reported.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Study subjects or cohorts overlap","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Methodology","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}