{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:42:26Z","timestamp":1770957746488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Phys. A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visible transparent <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\mathrm{Cu}\/\\mathrm{n}-\\mathrm{ZnO}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>Cu<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>ZnO<\/mml:mi>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\mathrm{Cu}\/{\\mathrm{Zn}}_{\\left(1-x\\right)}{\\mathrm{Sn}}_{\\left(x\\right)}O\\left(x=0.14\\right) \\mathrm{TZO},$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>Cu<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>Zn<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mfenced>\n                        <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                        <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:mfenced>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>Sn<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mfenced>\n                        <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:mfenced>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mi>O<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mfenced>\n                      <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.14<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:mfenced>\n                    <mml:mi>TZO<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> Schottky junctions were successfully fabricated on ITO-coated glass substrates via direct current magnetron reactive sputtering method. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties were thoroughly investigated. The polycrystalline nature of the samples was confirmed by XRD studies. FESEM images validate the changes in surface morphology after doping and annealing, and AFM analysis confirmed the variation in surface roughness. The electrical analysis reveals the presence of a Schottky barrier in the fabricated devices. In dark condition, three-order rectification ratio was observed. A two-order increase in leakage current was also observed after illuminating 365\u00a0nm UV light of power 60\u00a0\u00b5W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The figures of merits of sensors, such as responsivity, detectivity, response speed, and linear dynamic range, were thoroughly investigated. The fabricated sensor had a responsivity of about 07.80\u00a0mA\/W and a detectivity of 1.39\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> Jones. At zero bias, the sensor also demonstrated a transient photocurrent response of approximately 783\u00a0ms for rise and 876\u00a0ms for fall. Similarly, 33.70\u00a0dB of linear dynamic range was observed. These findings suggests that Cu\/TZO Schottky diodes could be useful for self-powered, visible transparent UV photosensors in next-generation optoelectronic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T10:03:38Z","timestamp":1677060218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Self-powered visible transparent $$\\mathrm{Cu}\/{\\mathrm{Zn}}_{\\left(1-x\\right)}{\\mathrm{Sn}}_{\\left(x\\right)}\\mathrm{O}$$ Schottky-based ultraviolet photosensors fabricated via DC magnetron sputtering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Prashant","family":"Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parashuram","family":"Salunkhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4041-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhananjaya","family":"Kekuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics6010008","volume":"6","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Wang, X. Wang, X. Luo, W. Song, J. Guo, Y. Sun, B. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Zhang, L. He, K. Zhang, S. Li, ACS Photonics 6, 8 (2019)","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"6466_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"L Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Su, W. Yang, J. Cai, H. Chen, X. Fang, Small 13, 1 (2017)","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"6466_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1088\/0268-1242\/29\/9\/095005","volume":"29","author":"B Ofuonye","year":"2014","unstructured":"B. Ofuonye, J. Lee, M. Yan, C. Sun, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 29, 9 (2014)","journal-title":"Semicond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"6466_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC00644B","volume":"4","author":"M Benlamri","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Benlamri, S. Farsinezhad, D.W. Barlage, K. Shankar, J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 12 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"6466_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.04.022","volume":"255","author":"YJ Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y.J. Park, H.N. Kim, H.H. Shin, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 7532 (2009)","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"6466_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2021.110908","volume":"114","author":"S Kurtaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Kurtaran, Opt. Mater. (Amst). 114, 20 (2021)","journal-title":"Opt. Mater. (Amst)."},{"key":"6466_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102725","volume":"28","author":"SK Satpathy","year":"2021","unstructured":"S.K. Satpathy, U.K. Panigrahi, S.K. Panda, V. Thiruvengadam, R. Biswal, W. Luyten, P. Mallick, Mater. Today Commun. 28, 102725 (2021)","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"6466_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2022.111214","volume":"202","author":"R Saha","year":"2022","unstructured":"R. Saha, G.K. Dalapati, S. Chakrabarti, A. Karmakar, S. Chattopadhyay, Vacuum 202, 111214 (2022)","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"6466_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2012.05.016","volume":"52","author":"R Mariappan","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. Mariappan, V. Ponnuswamy, P. Suresh, Superlattices Microstruct. 52, 500 (2012)","journal-title":"Superlattices Microstruct."},{"key":"6466_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2021.413571","volume":"628","author":"P Bhat","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Bhat, P. Salunkhe, M.S. Murari, D. Kekuda, Phys. B Phy. Condens. Matter. 628, 413571 (2022)","journal-title":"Phys. B Phy. Condens. Matter."},{"key":"6466_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2006.10.017","volume":"391","author":"JN Dhananjay","year":"2007","unstructured":"J.N. Dhananjay, S.B. Krupanidhi, Phys. B Condens. Matter 391, 344 (2007)","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"6466_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pisc.2016.03.011","volume":"8","author":"L Rajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"L. Rajan, C. Periasamy, V. Sahula, Perspect. Sci. 8, 66 (2016)","journal-title":"Perspect. Sci."},{"key":"6466_CR13","first-page":"135","volume":"16","author":"M Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Shen, A. Afshar, Y.Y. Tsui, S. Member, K.C. Cadien, D.W. Barlage, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 16, 135 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"6466_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-018-2286-x","volume":"125","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2019","unstructured":"K. Ghosh, R.K. Pandey, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 125, 1 (2019)","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process."},{"key":"6466_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2012.10.012","volume":"53","author":"M Ajili","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Ajili, M. Castagn\u00e9, N.K. Turki, Superlattices Microstruct. 53, 213 (2013)","journal-title":"Superlattices Microstruct."},{"key":"6466_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-018-6217-6","volume":"47","author":"M Arif","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Arif, A. Sanger, P.M. Vilarinho, A. Singh, J. Electron. Mater. 47, 3678 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"6466_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.113479","volume":"338","author":"P Bhat","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Bhat, P. Salunkhe, M.S. Murari, D. Kekuda, Sens. Actuat. A Phys. 338, 113479 (2022)","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A Phys."},{"key":"6466_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-013-7589-3","volume":"113","author":"CS Prajapati","year":"2013","unstructured":"C.S. Prajapati, A. Kushwaha, P.P. Sahay, Appl. Phys. A 113, 3 (2013)","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"6466_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2018.09.021","volume":"123","author":"X Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"X. Xu, Y. Chen, G. Zhang, H. Bian, M. Zhao, S. Ma, Superlattices Microstruct. 123, 349 (2018)","journal-title":"Superlattices Microstruct."},{"key":"6466_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2014.01.024","volume":"593","author":"N Chahmat","year":"2014","unstructured":"N. Chahmat, T. Souier, A. Mokri, M. Bououdina, M.S. Aida, M. Ghers, J. Alloys Compd. 593, 148 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"6466_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.05.052","volume":"256","author":"S Ilican","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Ilican, M. Caglar, Y. Caglar, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 7204 (2010)","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"6466_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02706504","volume":"29","author":"PK Biswas","year":"2006","unstructured":"P.K. Biswas, A. De, L.K. Dua, L. Chkoda, Bull. Mater. Sci. 29, 323\u2013330 (2006)","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"6466_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2018.10.012","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Q. Zhang, G. Xia, L. Li, W. Xia, H. Gong, S. Wang, Curr. Appl. Phys. 19, 174 (2019)","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"6466_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2019.2924135","volume":"66","author":"J Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Yang, Y. Zhang, Q. Wu, C. Dussarrat, J. Qi, W. Zhu, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 66, 3382 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"6466_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105004","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6641\/aba288","volume":"35","author":"G Greco","year":"2020","unstructured":"G. Greco, S. Di Franco, C. Bongiorno, E. Grzanka, M. Leszczynski, F. Giannazzo, F. Roccaforte, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 35, 105004 (2020)","journal-title":"Semicond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"6466_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2019.03.005","volume":"115","author":"MAM Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.A.M. Ahmed, W.E. Meyer, J.M. Nel, Mater. Res. Bull. 115, 12 (2019)","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"6466_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9157","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.60.9157","volume":"60","author":"G Palasantzas","year":"1999","unstructured":"G. Palasantzas, Phys. Rev. B 60, 9157 (1999)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"6466_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2015.07.068","volume":"86","author":"YM Reddy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y.M. Reddy, R. Padmasuvarna, T.L. Narasappa, P. Sreehith, R. Padma, L.D. Rao, V.R. Reddy, Superlattices Microstruct. 86, 280 (2015)","journal-title":"Superlattices Microstruct."},{"key":"6466_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2010.2054070","volume":"2","author":"GM Ali","year":"2010","unstructured":"G.M. Ali, P. Chakrabarti, IEEE Photonics J. 2, 5 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"6466_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3660580","volume":"99","author":"G Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"G. Cheng, X. Wu, B. Liu, B. Li, X. Zhang, Z. Du, G. Cheng, X. Wu, B. Liu, B. Li, X. Zhang, Z. Du, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 203105 (2011)","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"6466_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e2019-100479-6","volume":"74","author":"X Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"X. Zhou, D. Jiang, M. Zhao, Y. Duan, N. Wang, C. Shan, Q. Li, M. Li, Eur. Phys. J. D 74, 6 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. D"},{"key":"6466_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30237-8","volume":"8","author":"M Moun","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Moun, M. Kumar, M. Garg, R. Pathak, R. Singh, Sci. Rep. 8, 1 (2018)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"6466_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2021.116830","volume":"278","author":"H Alzahrani","year":"2021","unstructured":"H. Alzahrani, K. Sulaiman, A.Y. Mahmoud, R.R. Bahabry, Synth. Met. 278, 116830 (2021)","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"6466_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2011.04.039","volume":"509","author":"YZ Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Y.Z. Li, X.M. Li, X.D. Gao, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 7193 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"6466_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79139-8","volume":"11","author":"L Goswami","year":"2021","unstructured":"L. Goswami, N. Aggarwal, P. Vashishtha, S.K. Jain, S. Nirantar, J. Ahmed, M.A.M. Khan, R. Pandey, G. Gupta, Sci. Rep. 11, 1 (2021)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"6466_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"H Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Fang, C. Zheng, L. Wu, Y. Li, J. Cai, M. Hu, X. Fang, R. Ma, Q. Wang, H. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1 (2019)","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"6466_CR37","first-page":"17","volume":"9","author":"B Nie","year":"2013","unstructured":"B. Nie, J. Hu, L. Luo, C. Xie, L. Zeng, P. Lv, F. Li, Small 9, 17 (2013)","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"6466_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"K78","DOI":"10.1149\/2.067204jes","volume":"159","author":"CM Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"C.M. Liu, C. Chen, Y.-C. Tseng, J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, K78 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Applied Physics A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T01:00:56Z","timestamp":1679878856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["6466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06466-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-8396","1432-0630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-8396","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"205"}}