{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:33:29Z","timestamp":1789774409772,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1604426563000},"page":"1405-1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Penile cancer: potential target for immunotherapy?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Joren","family":"Vanthoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gigi","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8052-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Albersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.017","volume":"67","author":"OW Hakenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hakenberg OW, Comp\u00e9rat EM, Minhas S, Necchi A, Protzel C, Watkin N (2015) EAU guidelines on penile cancer: 2014 update. Eur Urol 67(1):142\u2013150","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3510_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.05.19","volume":"6","author":"A Douglawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Douglawi A, Masterson TA (2017) Updates on the epidemiology and risk factors for penile cancer. Transl Androl Urol 6:785\u2013790","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3510_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","volume":"141","author":"C de Martel","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S (2017) Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer 141(4):664\u2013670","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"3510_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01427-5","volume":"5","author":"S Misra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Misra S, Chaturvedi A, Misra NC (2004) Penile carcinoma: a challenge for the developing World. Lancet Oncol 5(4):240\u2013247","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3510_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000712","volume":"300","author":"A Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas A, Vanthoor J, Vos G, Tsaur I, Albersen M (2020) Risk factors and molecular characterization of penile cancer: Impact on prognosis and potential targets for systemic therapy. Curr Opin Urol 300:202\u2013207","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"3510_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9276-9","volume":"20","author":"DM Backes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Backes DM, Kurman RJ, Pimenta JM, Smith JS (2009) Systematic review of human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer. Cancer Causes Control 20:449\u2013457","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"3510_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.06.24","volume":"6","author":"A Manjunath","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manjunath A, Brenton T, Wylie S, Corbishley CM, Watkin NA (2017) Topical Therapy for non-invasive penile cancer (Tis)-updated results and toxicity. Transl Androl Urol 6:803\u2013808","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"3510_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000587","volume":"29","author":"Y Raskin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raskin Y, Vanthoor J, Milenkovic U, Muneer A, Albersen M (2019) Organ-sparing surgical and nonsurgical modalities in primary penile cancer treatment. Curr Opin Urol 29:156\u2013164","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.029","volume":"70","author":"H Moch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moch H, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, Reuter VE, Ulbright TM (2016) The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs\u2014part A: Renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Eur Urol 70(1):93\u2013105","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30682-X","volume":"20","author":"TB Olesen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olesen TB, Sand FL, Rasmussen CL, Albieri V, Toft BG, Norrild B et al (2019) Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16 INK4a in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 20(1):145\u2013158","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3510_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02607-8","volume":"475","author":"A Emmanuel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emmanuel A, Nettleton J, Watkin N, Berney DM (2019) The molecular pathogenesis of penile carcinoma\u2014current developments and understanding. Virchows Arch 475:397\u2013405","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3510_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.013","volume":"96","author":"ML Eich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eich ML, del Carmen Rodriguez Pena M, Schwartz L, Granada CP, Rais-Bahrami S, Giannico G et al (2020) Morphology, p16, HPV, and outcomes in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a multi-institutional study. Human Pathol 96:79\u201386","journal-title":"Human Pathol"},{"issue":"6569","key":"3510_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/380079a0","volume":"380","author":"AJ Klingelhutz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Klingelhutz AJ, Foster SA, McDougall JK (1996) Telomerase activation by the E6 gene product of human papillomavirus type 16. Nature 380(6569):79\u201382","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.09.027","volume":"187","author":"AAP De Paula","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Paula AAP, Motta ED, Alencar RDC, Saddi VA, Da Silva RC, Caixeta GN et al (2012) The impact of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor C immunoexpression on the prognosis of penile carcinoma. J Urol 187(1):134\u2013140","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1394","volume":"201","author":"E Ferreux","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferreux E, Lont AP, Horenblas S, Gallee MPW, Raaphorst FM, von Knebel DM et al (2003) Evidence for at least three alternative mechanisms targeting the p16INK4A\/cyclin D\/Rb pathway in penile carcinoma, one of which is mediated by high-risk human papillomavirus. Journal of Pathology 201(1):109\u2013118","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3510_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-010-1007-4","volume":"458","author":"M Poetsch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poetsch M, Hemmerich M, Kakies C, Kleist B, Wolf E, Vom Dorp F et al (2011) Alterations in the tumor suppressor gene p16 INK4A are associated with aggressive behavior of penile carcinomas. Virchows Arch 458(2):221\u2013229","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"10","key":"3510_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24833","volume":"89","author":"LA Afonso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afonso LA, Carestiato FN, Ornellas AA, Ornellas P, Rocha WM, Cordeiro TI et al (2017) Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and methylation status of p16ink4a in penile cancer. J Med Virol 89(10):1837\u20131843","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"3510_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70137-7","volume":"8","author":"O Kayes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kayes O, Ahmed HU, Arya M, Minhas S (2007) Molecular and genetic pathways in penile cancer. Lancet Oncol 8:420\u2013429","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3510_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017517","volume":"3","author":"E Stankiewicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stankiewicz E, Prowse DM, Ng M, Cuzick J, Mesher D, Hiscock F et al (2011) Alternative HER\/PTEN\/Akt pathway activation in HPV positive and negative penile carcinomas. PLoS ONE 3:e17517","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"3510_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.06.015","volume":"190","author":"C Ferrandiz-Pulido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferrandiz-Pulido C, Masferrer E, Toll A, Hernandez-Losa J, Mojal S, Pujol RM et al (2013) MTOR signaling pathway in penile squamous cell carcinoma: pmTOR and peIF4E over expression correlate with aggressive tumor behavior. J Urol 190(6):2288\u20132295","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3510_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12338","volume":"64","author":"A Chaux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaux A, Munari E, Cubilla AL, Hicks J, Lecksell K, Burnett AL et al (2014) Immunohistochemical expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in penile squamous cell carcinomas: a tissue microarray study of 112 cases. Histopathology 64(6):863\u2013871","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3510_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31194","volume":"142","author":"BT Hansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansen BT, Orumaa M, Lie AK, Brennhovd B, Nyg\u00e5rd M (2018) Trends in incidence, mortality and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma in Norway 1956\u20132015. Int J Cancer 142(8):1586\u20131593","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3510_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.06.003","volume":"143","author":"GJ Diorio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diorio GJ, Giuliano AR (2016) The role of human papilloma virus in penile carcinogenesis and preneoplastic lesions: a potential target for vaccination and treatment strategies. Urol Clin N Am 143:419\u2013425","journal-title":"Urol Clin N Am"},{"key":"3510_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287211412657","volume":"3","author":"M Shabbir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shabbir M, Minhas S, Muneer A (2011) Diagnosis and management of premalignant penile lesions. Therapeut Adv Urol 3:151\u2013158","journal-title":"Therapeut Adv Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3510_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.06.27","volume":"6","author":"LC Kidd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kidd LC, Chaing S, Chipollini J, Giuliano AR, Spiess PE, Sharma P (2017) Relationship between human papillomavirus and penile cancer-implications for prevention and treatment. Transl Androl Urol 6(5):791\u2013802","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3510_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.08.087","volume":"193","author":"RS Djajadiningrat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Djajadiningrat RS, Jordanova ES, Kroon BK, Van Werkhoven E, De Jong J, Pronk DTM et al (2015) Human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer and association with clinical outcome. J Urol 193(2):526\u2013531","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3510_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-0322","volume":"27","author":"FL Sand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sand FL, Rasmussen CL, Frederiksen MH, Andersen KK, Kjaer SK (2018) Prognostic significance of HPV and p16 status in men diagnosed with penile cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 27:1123\u20131132","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217","volume":"363","author":"KK Ang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, Weber R, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-T\u00e2n PF et al (2010) Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 363(1):24\u201335","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3510_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31139","volume":"142","author":"CL Rasmussen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasmussen CL, Sand FL, Hoffmann Frederiksen M, Kaae Andersen K, Kjaer SK (2018) Does HPV status influence survival after vulvar cancer? Int J Cancer 142(6):1158\u20131165","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3510_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02566-0","volume":"475","author":"S H\u00f6lters","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00f6lters S, Khalmurzaev O, Pryalukhin A, Loertzer P, Janssen M, Heinzelbecker J et al (2019) Challenging the prognostic impact of the new WHO and TNM classifications with special emphasis on HPV status in penile carcinoma. Virchows Arch 475(2):211\u2013221","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3510_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2018.09.010","volume":"5","author":"B Schlenker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schlenker B, Schneede P (2019) The role of human papilloma virus in penile cancer prevention and new therapeutic agents. Eur Urol Focus 5:42\u201345","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0591","volume":"21","author":"MB Schabath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schabath MB, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmer\u00f3n J, Quiterio M, Giuliano AR (2012) Smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the HPV in men (HIM) study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 21(1):102\u2013110","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051422","volume":"91","author":"MB Schabath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schabath MB, Thompson ZJ, Egan KM, Torres BN, Nguyen A, Papenfuss MR et al (2015) Alcohol consumption and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among US men in the HPV in Men (HIM) study. Sex Transm Infect 91(1):61\u201367","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"3510_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909537","volume":"364","author":"AR Giuliano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, Moreira ED, Penny ME, Aranda C et al (2011) Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med 364(5):401\u2013411","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3510_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000431","volume":"13","author":"AM Aydin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aydin AM, Cheriyan S, Spiess PE (2019) Treating advanced penile cancer: where do we stand in 2019? Curr Opin Supp Palliat Care 13:249\u2013254","journal-title":"Curr Opin Supp Palliat Care"},{"key":"3510_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-0359-z","volume":"17","author":"AM Aydin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aydin AM, Chahoud J, Adashek JJ, Azizi M, Magliocco A, Ross JS et al (2020) Understanding genomics and the immune environment of penile cancer to improve therapy. Nat Rev Urol 17:555","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"3510_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-018-0596-4","volume":"57","author":"M May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May M, Brookman-May SD, Ecke TH, Burger M (2018) Molecular characterization of penile cancer: literature review of new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Urologe 57:398\u2013407","journal-title":"Urologe"},{"key":"3510_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.03.011","volume":"6","author":"BA McGregor","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGregor BA, Sonpavde GP (2020) Rare genitourinary malignancies: current status and future directions of immunotherapy. Eur Urol Focus 6:14\u201316","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"3510_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.02.019","volume":"5","author":"HM de Vries","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Vries HM, Ottenhof SR, Horenblas S, van der Heijden MS, Jordanova ES (2019) Defining the tumor microenvironment of penile cancer by means of the cancer immunogram. Eur Urol Focus 5:718\u2013721","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"3510_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-017-0424-2","volume":"9","author":"ZR Chalmers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chalmers ZR, Connelly CF, Fabrizio D, Gay L, Ali SM, Ennis R et al (2017) Analysis of 100,000 human cancer genomes reveals the landscape of tumor mutational burden. Genome Med 9:34","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3510_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.09.056","volume":"201","author":"JM Jacob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacob JM, Ferry EK, Gay LM, Elvin JA, Vergilio JA, Ramkissoon S et al (2019) Comparative genomic profiling of refractory and metastatic penile and nonpenile cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: implications for selection of systemic therapy. J Urol 201(3):541\u2013548","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3510_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000495251","volume":"86","author":"R Stoehr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoehr R, Wendler O, Giedl J, Gaisa NT, Richter G, Campean V et al (2019) No evidence of microsatellite instability and loss of mismatch-repair-protein expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Pathobiology 86(2\u20133):145\u2013151","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"3510_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-3134","volume":"76","author":"A Feber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feber A, Worth DC, Chakravarthy A, De Winter P, Shah K, Arya M et al (2016) CSN1 somatic mutations in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Can Res 76(16):4720\u20134727","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.17.00073","volume":"2017","author":"R Bonneville","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonneville R, Krook MA, Kautto EA, Miya J, Wing MR, Chen H-Z et al (2017) Landscape of microsatellite instability across 39 cancer types. JCO Precis Oncol 2017(1):1\u201315","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3510_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071796","volume":"12","author":"C Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu C, Yao K, Lu J, Zhang Y, Chen K, Lu J et al (2020) Immunophenotypes based on the tumor immune microenvironment allow for unsupervised penile cancer patient stratification. Cancers 12(7):1796","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"3","key":"3510_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-014-1713-4","volume":"466","author":"P Lohneis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lohneis P, Boral S, Kaufmann AM, Lehmann A, Schewe C, Dietel M et al (2015) Human papilloma virus status of penile squamous cell carcinoma is associated with differences in tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Virchows Arch 466(3):323\u2013331","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3510_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01253","author":"SR Ottenhof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ottenhof SR, Djajadiningrat RS, Thygesen HH, Jakobs PJ, J\u00f3zwiak K, Heeren AM et al (2018) The prognostic value of immune factors in the tumor microenvironment of penile squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01253","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3510_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0374-x","volume":"25","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Sun J, Liu LN, Flies DB, Nie X, Toki M et al (2019) Siglec-15 as an immune suppressor and potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. Nat Med 25(4):656\u2013666","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3510_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12466","volume":"58","author":"K Deen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deen K, Burdon-Jones D (2017) Imiquimod in the treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia: an update. Australas J Dermatol 58:86\u201392","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"3510_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00487","volume":"7","author":"C Buonerba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Pond G, Carten\u00ec G, Scagliarini S, Rozzi A et al (2016) Prognostic and predictive factors in patients with advanced penile cancer receiving salvage (2nd or later line) systemic treatment: a retrospective, multi-center study. Front Pharmacol 7:487","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3510_CR51","first-page":"1","volume":"2019","author":"G Hui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hui G, Ghafouri SN, Shen J, Liu S, Drakaki A (2019) Treating penile cancer in the immunotherapy and targeted therapy era. Case Rep Oncol Med 2019:1\u20134","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3510_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7","volume":"11","author":"T Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang T, Cheng X, Chahoud J, Sarhan A, Tamboli P, Rao P et al (2020) Effective combinatorial immunotherapy for penile squamous cell carcinoma. Nature Commun 11(1):1\u201315","journal-title":"Nature Commun"},{"key":"3510_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.05.033","volume":"78","author":"A Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas A, Vanthoor J, Himmelreich U, Cawthorne C, Deroose CM, Gsell W et al (2020) Establishment, characterization, and imaging of a first platinum-resistant penile cancer patient-derived xenograft in nude mice: a eUROGEN project. Eur Urol 78:294\u2013296","journal-title":"Eur Urol"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T21:35:00Z","timestamp":1723844100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03510-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-4983","1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-4983","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}