{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:11:29Z","timestamp":1791994289737,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bergen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To register all cases of urothelial cancer and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Norway during 1999\u20132018 to obtain the contemporary incidence of UTUC and UTUC incidence relative to other urothelial cancers and RCC. Further to analyse possible changes over time regarding UTUC incidence, UTUC patient characteristics, tumour characteristics and survival.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>3502 cases registered with ICD code C65 and C66 during 1999\u20132018 at the Norwegian cancer registry were entered into a database. After a selection process 3096 cases were included in the study. The crude incidences of UTUC were calculated for each year adjusting for the corresponding population data. Age-standardized rates adjusting to the European standard population (2013) were calculated. Comparisons were made with other cases of urothelial cancer and RCC. For changes over time, the material was split into 5-year periods. Regression analysis was used to calculate yearly changes and for assessing statistical significance. Survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall age-standardized incidence rate was 3.88, increasing from 3.21 to 4.70 from first to last 5-year periods. The increase affected all ages except those\u2009&lt;\u200960\u00a0years of age, and were observed regardless of gender or anatomical location. UTUC constituted 11.8% of all urothelial cancers, increasing from 9.9 to 12.8%. Mean patient age at diagnosis increased from 71.5 to 73.4\u00a0years. The 5-years Cancer-specific survival improved from 57.4 to 65.4%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of UTUC was higher than expected and increasing. Patient age at diagnosis was increasing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T14:00:45Z","timestamp":1610200845000},"page":"3385-3391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Higher than expected and significantly increasing incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. A population based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4484-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjarte","family":"Alm\u00e5s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole J.","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom B\u00f8rge","family":"Johannesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beisland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","volume":"70","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2020) Cancer statistics, 2020. Cancer J Clin 70:7\u201330","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"3576_CR2","unstructured":"Larsen IK (2017) Cancer in Norway 2017\u2014cancer incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence in Norway. In: edn. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Cancer registry. pp 40\u201342"},{"key":"3576_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09675.x","volume":"107","author":"JD Raman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raman JD, Messer J, Sielatycki JA, Hollenbeak CS (2011) Incidence and survival of patients with carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in the USA, 1973\u20132005. BJU Int 107:1059\u20131064","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08889.x","volume":"105","author":"EC Cauberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cauberg EC, Salomons MA, Kummerlin IP et al (2010) Trends in epidemiology and treatment of upper urinary tract tumours in the Netherlands 1995\u20132005: an analysis of PALGA, the Dutch national histopathology registry. BJU Int 105:922\u2013927","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"3576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13232","volume":"117","author":"R Woodford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woodford R, Ranasinghe W, Aw HC, Sengupta S, Persad R (2016) Trends in incidence and survival for upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) in the state of Victoria-Australia. BJU Int 117(Suppl 4):45\u201349","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3576_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.05.013","volume":"75","author":"A Wihlborg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wihlborg A, Johansen C (2010) Incidences of kidney, pelvis, ureter, and bladder cancer in a nationwide, population-based cancer registry, Denmark, 1944\u20132003. Urology 75:1222\u20131227","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3576_CR7","unstructured":"ICD-10 (2004) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: tenth revision. World Health Organization"},{"key":"3576_CR8","unstructured":"The Human cause-of-death Database https:\/\/www.causesofdeath.org\/docs\/standard.pdf"},{"key":"3576_CR9","unstructured":"Scotland KB, Hubbard L, Cason D et al (2020) Long term outcomes of ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol"},{"key":"3576_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.07.088","volume":"199","author":"L Villa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villa L, Haddad M, Capitanio U et al (2018) Which patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma can be safely treated with flexible ureteroscopy with holmium: YAG laser photoablation? Long-term results from a high volume institution. J Urol 199:66\u201373","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3576_CR11","first-page":"254","volume":"52","author":"JK McLaughlin","year":"1992","unstructured":"McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT, Hsing AW et al (1992) Cigarette smoking and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter. Can Res 52:254\u2013257","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"3576_CR12","first-page":"742","volume":"65","author":"JJ Crivelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crivelli JJ, Xylinas E, Kluth LA, Rieken M, Rink M, Shariat SF (2014) Effect of smoking on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature. EurUrol 65:742\u2013754","journal-title":"EurUrol"},{"key":"3576_CR13","first-page":"111","volume":"73","author":"M Roupret","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roupret M, Babjuk M, Comperat E et al (2018) European association of urology guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: 2017 update. EurUrol 73:111\u2013122","journal-title":"EurUrol"},{"key":"3576_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E107","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12025","volume":"112","author":"MF Eylert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eylert MF, Hounsome L, Verne J, Bahl A, Jefferies ER, Persad RA (2013) Prognosis is deteriorating for upper tract urothelial cancer: data for England 1985\u20132010. BJU Int 112:E107\u2013E113","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3576_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4141","volume":"35","author":"T Seisen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seisen T, Krasnow RE, Bellmunt J et al (2017) Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy for locally advanced and\/or positive regional lymph node upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 35:852\u2013860","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3576_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30415-3","volume":"395","author":"A Birtle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birtle A, Johnson M, Chester J et al (2020) Adjuvant chemotherapy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (the POUT trial): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England) 395:1268\u20131277","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"3576_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00561-4","volume":"387","author":"JE Rosenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T et al (2016) Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet (London, England) 387:1909\u20131920","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"3576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.037","volume":"45","author":"IK Larsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Larsen IK, Smastuen M, Johannesen TB et al (2009) Data quality at the Cancer Registry of Norway: an overview of comparability, completeness, validity and timeliness. Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 45:1218\u20131231","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England: 1990)"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T01:35:36Z","timestamp":1634088936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03576-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-4983","1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-4983","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No conflict of interest or disclosures from any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Scientific work done at the Norwegian Cancer Registry using data from their database is exempt from the general rule of informed consent of participants, and ethical approval from the regional ethics committee for scientific research in Norway.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}