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Three definitions of PNBs were used: (1) PNBs status (biopsy na\u00efve vs. PNBs); (2) number of PNBs (0 vs. 1 vs.\u2009\u2265\u20092); (3) histology at last PNB (no vs. negative vs. HGPIN\/ASAP). Kaplan\u2013Meier plots and multivariable Cox models tested any-cause and ISUP GG upgrading discontinuation rates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, 760 (79.1%) vs. 201 (20.9%) patients were biopsy na\u00efve vs. PNBs. Specifically, 760 (79.1%) vs. 138 (14.4%) vs. 63 (6.5%) patients had 0 vs. 1 vs.\u2009\u2265\u20092 PNBs. Last, 760 (79.1%) vs. 134 (13.9%) vs. 67 (7%) patients had no vs. negative PNB vs. HGPIN\/ASAP. PNBs were not associated with any-cause discontinuation rates. Conversely, PNBs were associated with lower rates of ISUP GG upgrading: (1) PNBs vs. biopsy na\u00efve (HR:0.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04); (2) 1 vs. 0 PNBs (HR:0.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.1) and 2 vs. 0 PNBs, (HR:0.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.1); (3) negative PNB vs. biopsy na\u00efve (HR:0.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.3) and HGPIN\/ASAP vs. biopsy na\u00efve (HR:0.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). However, last PNB\u2009\u2264\u200918\u00a0months (HR:0.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), but not last PNB\u2009&gt;\u200918\u00a0months (HR:0.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5) were associated with lower rates of ISUP GG upgrading.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PNBs status is associated with lower rates of ISUP GG upgrading during AS for PCa. The number of PNBs and time from last PNB to PCa diagnosis (\u2264\u200918\u00a0months) appear also to be critical for patient selection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-03983-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T04:32:33Z","timestamp":1648528353000},"page":"1447-1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between previous negative biopsies and lower rates of progression during active surveillance for prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0337-3331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia Luca","family":"Piccinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Luzzago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Marvaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Laukhtina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyoshi","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Schuettfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco A.","family":"Mistretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Petralia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Jereczek-Fossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre I.","family":"Karakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ottavio","family":"de Cobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Musi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3983_CR1","unstructured":"Mottet N, Bastian P, Bellmunt J et al (2020) Eau-Eanm-Estro-Esur-Siog: guidelines on prostate cancer. 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