{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:07:46Z","timestamp":1787170066286,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute epididymo-orchitis (AEO) is a common urological condition characterised by pain and swelling of the epididymis which can affect men of any age. The aetiology and to some extent the management of the patient differ between paediatric and young and older adult groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed at the University Hospital Limerick from 2012 to 2016. Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data were obtained for all patients diagnosed with orchitis, epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis or testicular abscess over this 5-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      140 patients were identified, the age range was 0\u201389, median age 35.6. These were then split into 3 clinical groups, pre-pubertal (Group 1, 0\u201315-year-olds), sexually active young men (Group 2a, 16\u201335-year-olds) and men over 35 (Group 2b). Nine patients had an abscess on ultrasound investigation. There was a significant correlation between the presence of an abscess and the need for an orchidectomy (2 patients,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035). Two patients were reported as having an atrophic testis following AEO and both were in Group 2b.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 7\/131 (5%) patients had loss or atrophy of a testicle following an episode of AEO. Nineteen patients had further readmissions with AEO (14%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T14:02:21Z","timestamp":1689343341000},"page":"2421-2428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Outcome of acute epididymo-orchitis: risk factors for testicular loss"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Marie","family":"Norton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Saies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Charambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Silviu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nauman","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Nama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasis","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh D.","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4500_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253356","author":"LA Graumann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graumann LA, Dietz HG, Stehr M (2010) Urinalysis in children with epididymitis. Eur J Pediatr Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1253356","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"4500_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.07.257","author":"T Tran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tran T, deVries C (2011) MP-11.05 epididymitis in children: new insights on an old problem. Urology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2011.07.257","journal-title":"Urology."},{"issue":"3","key":"4500_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000474759","volume":"22","author":"W Hoppner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hoppner W, Strohmeyer T, Hartmann M, Lopez-Gamarra D, Dreikorn K (1992) Surgical treatment of acute epididymitis and its underlying diseases. Eur Urol 22(3):218\u2013221","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4500_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80511-0","volume":"80","author":"MD Kiviat","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kiviat MD, Shurtleff D, Ansell JS (1972) Urinary reflux via the vas deferens: unusual cause of epididymitis in infancy. J Pediatr 80(3):476\u2013479","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4500_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1987.04460010041019","volume":"141","author":"S Likitnukul","year":"1987","unstructured":"Likitnukul S, Mccracken GH, Nelson JD, Votteler TP (1987) Epididymitis in children and adolescents: a 20-year retrospective study. Am J Dis Child 141(1):41\u201344","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"4500_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67156-8","volume":"154","author":"TP Bukowski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bukowski TP, Lewis AG, Reeves D, Wacksman J, Sheldon CA (1995) Epididymitis in older boys: dysfunctional voiding as an etiology. J Urol 154(2):762\u2013765","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4500_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000102160.55494.1f","volume":"171","author":"E Somekh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Somekh E, Gorenstein A, Serour F (2004) Acute epididymitis in boys: evidence of a post-infectious etiology. J Urol 171(1):391\u2013394","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4500_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1159\/000020343","volume":"38","author":"O Capp\u00e8le","year":"2000","unstructured":"Capp\u00e8le O, Liard A, Barret E, Bachy B, Mitrofanoff P (2000) Epididymitis in children: Is further investigation necessary after the first episode? Eur Urol 38(5):627\u2013630","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4500_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55528-7","author":"T Gislason","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gislason T, Noronha RFX, Gregory JG (1980) Acute epididymitis in boys: a 5-year retrospective study. J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55528-7","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"4500_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56978-5","author":"RE Berger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Berger RE, Alexander ER, Harnisch JP, Paulsen CA, Monda GD, Ansell J et al (1979) Etiology, manifestations and therapy of acute epididymitis: prospective study of 50 cases. J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56978-5","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4500_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42999-5","volume":"138","author":"MD Melekos","year":"1987","unstructured":"Melekos MD, Asbach HW (1987) Epididymitis: Aspects concerning etiology and treatment. J Urol 138(1):83\u201386","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4500_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199807000-00135","author":"P Lau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lau P, Anderson PA, Giacomantonio JM, Schwarz RD (1997) Acute epididymitis in boys: are antibiotics indicated? Br J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005392-199807000-00135","journal-title":"Br J Urol."},{"key":"4500_CR13","unstructured":"Street E, Joyce A, Wilson J (2010) United Kingdom national guidelines for the management of epididyno-orchitis. Clinical Effective Group, British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. https:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/3546.pdf"},{"key":"4500_CR14","unstructured":"https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/urologicalinfections"},{"key":"4500_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.02.017","author":"V Figueroa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Figueroa V, Pippi Salle JL, Braga LHP, Romao R, Koyle MA, B\u00e4gli DJ et al (2012) Comparative analysis of detorsion alone versus detorsion and tunica albuginea decompression (Fasciotomy) with tunica vaginalis flap coverage in the surgical management of prolonged testicular ischemia. J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.02.017","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"9","key":"4500_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688607900906","volume":"79","author":"KM Desai","year":"1986","unstructured":"Desai KM, Gingell JC, Haworth JM (1986) Fate of the testis following epididymitis: a clinical and ultrasound study. J R Soc Med 79(9):515\u2013519","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"4500_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.100893","author":"B Alharbi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alharbi B, Rajih E, Adeoye A, Allatiefe BA, Abdullah MH (2019) Testicular ischemia secondary to epididymo-orchitis: a case report. Urol Case Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.100893","journal-title":"Urol Case Reports."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"4500_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E148","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2174","volume":"9","author":"SR Fehily","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fehily SR, Trubiano JA, McLean C, Wei Teoh B, Grummet JP, Cherry CL et al (2015) Testicular loss following bacterial epididymo-orchitis: case report and literature review. Can Urol Assoc J. 9(3\u20134):E148-51","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J."},{"key":"4500_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007970","author":"O Adorisio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adorisio O, Ceriati E, Camassei FD, De Peppo F (2013) Segmental haemorrhagic infarction of the testis in a paediatric patient: a rare aftermath of epididymitis. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-007970","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"4500_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0726-8","author":"A Rusz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rusz A, Pilatz A, Wagenlehner F, Linn T, Diemer T, Schuppe HC et al (2012) Influence of urogenital infections and inflammation on semen quality and male fertility. World J Urol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-011-0726-8","journal-title":"World J Urol."},{"key":"4500_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7ek M, Sturdza L, Pilatz A (2017) Acute and chronic epididymitis. Eur Urol Suppl [Internet]. 16(4):124\u201331. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1569905617300568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2017.01.003"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1693328558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04500-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}