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The efficiency, width and depth of vaporisation, and\u00a0depth of coagulation were recorded and compared. For in vivo experiments, four\u00a0swines weighing 70\u00a0kg were used. In the acute group, different modes of operations were performed to evaluate the thermal damage, perforation and bleeding. In the chronic group, the overall appearance of the ureter and laser wound healing were observed by the naked eyes and H&amp;E staining 3\u00a0weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In in vitro study, the BL showed a higher efficiency of tissue vaporisation and less tissue coagulation for fresh ureter compared to GL and Ho. In the in vivo study, the power of BL set at 7 W was better, and the thickness of thermal damage varied with different surgery types in the range of 74\u2013306\u00a0\u03bcm. After 3\u00a0weeks, the wound healed well static in vaporisation (SV), moving vaporisation (MV) and H&amp;E staining indicated mucosal healing rather than scar healing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>5\u201310W blue diode laser achieved a higher efficiency of tissue vaporisation and less tissue coagulation in a porcine model, indicating its potential application in the endoscopic surgery of UTUC as an optional device with high performance and safety.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04647-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T20:37:51Z","timestamp":1697229471000},"page":"3773-3779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["450-nm blue diode laser: a novel medical apparatus for upper tract urothelial lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dali","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoming","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengtong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zejun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyue","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4647_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","volume":"72","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A (2022) Cancer statistics, 2022. 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