{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:25Z","timestamp":1792782745238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young and Middle-Aged Key Personnel Training Project of the Fujian Provincial Health Commission","award":["2019-ZQN-62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ZQN-62"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project in China","award":["2021Y9117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y9117"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Finance Special Fund Project in China","award":["2018B010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T07:28:55Z","timestamp":1748330935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Surgical efficacy and predictors of outcome in varicocelectomy: a meta-analysis of multivariable studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-jie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-nan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-lang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-xi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-liang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.98","volume":"14","author":"CFS Jensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jensen CFS, \u00d8stergren P, Dupree JM, Ohl DA, S\u00f8nksen J, Fode M (2017) Varicocele and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 14(9):523\u2013533","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"5702_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsaikhan B, Alrabeeah K, Delouya G, Zini A. Epidemiology of varicocele. Asian J Androl. 2016 Mar-Apr;18(2):179\u2009\u2212\u200981.","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.172640"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.230034","volume":"42","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cannarella R, Shah R, Hamoda TAA, Boitrelle F, Saleh R, Gul M et al (2024) Does varicocele repair improve conventional semen parameters?? A Meta-Analytic study of Before-After data. World J Mens Health 42(1):92\u2013132","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"5702_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye JJ, Chen ZY, Wang QH, Liao XY, Wang XY, Zhang CC, Liu LR, Wei Q, Bao YG (2024) Current treatment for male infertility: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Asian J Androl. Jul 19","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202428"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.230235","volume":"42","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cannarella R, Shah R, Saleh R, Boitrelle F, Hamoda TAA, Singh R et al (2024) Effects of varicocele repair on sperm DNA fragmentation and seminal malondialdehyde levels in infertile men with clinical varicocele: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 42(2):321\u2013337","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.230260","volume":"42","author":"GI Russo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Russo GI, Saleh R, Finocchi F, Juma AR, Durairajanayagam D, Kahraman O et al (2024) Impact of varicocele on testicular oxidative stress and sperm parameters in experimental animals: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 42(3):563\u2013573","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1474979","volume":"33","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Ji ZG (2020) Microsurgery versus laparoscopic surgery for varicocele: A Meta-Analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Invest Surg 33(1):40\u201348","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"5702_CR8","unstructured":"European Association of Urology (2024) EAU guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health. Eur Association Urol. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/male-sexual-and-reproductive-health"},{"key":"5702_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian D, Yang C, Xie B, Li H, Li J, Yang D et al (2023 Sep-Oct) Effects of varicocele surgical repair on serum hormone and inhibin B levels for patients with varicocele: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Mens Health 17(5):15579883231199400","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883231199400"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2018.01.002","volume":"16","author":"MG S\u00f6nmez","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00f6nmez MG, Halilo\u011flu AH (2018) Role of varicocele treatment in assisted reproductive technologies. Arab J Urol 16(1):188\u2013196","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12589","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12589","volume":"23","author":"K Shiraishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shiraishi K (2024) Role of varicocele repair in the era of assisted reproductive technologies: lessons from 2000 cases of microsurgical varicocele repair. Reprod Med Biol 23(1):e12589","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00882.x","volume":"41","author":"Y Kondo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kondo Y, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Fujisawa M (2009) Predictors of improved seminal characteristics by varicocele repair. Andrologia 41(1):20\u201323","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1071\/RD12368","volume":"26","author":"HC Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang HC, Huang ST, Chen Y, Hsu YC, Chang PC, Hsieh ML (2014) Prognostic factors for successful varicocelectomy to treat varicocele-associated male infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 26(3):485\u2013490","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.091","volume":"103","author":"J Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng J, Zhang Z, Cui W, Yuan Y, Song W, Gao B et al (2015) Spontaneous pregnancy rates in Chinese men undergoing microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy and possible preoperative factors affecting the outcomes. Fertil Steril 103(3):635\u2013639","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"5702_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabana W, Teleb M, Dawod T, Elsayed E, Desoky E, Shahin A, et al. Predictors of improvement in semen parameters after varicocelectomy for male subfertility: A prospective study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015 Sep-Oct;9(9\u201310):E579-82.","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2808"},{"key":"5702_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura M, Nagao K, Tai T, Kobayashi H, Nakajima K. Age is a significant predictor of early and late improvement in semen parameters after microsurgical varicocele repair. Andrologia. 2017 Apr;49(3).","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12620"},{"issue":"11","key":"5702_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13887","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13887","volume":"52","author":"F Ok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ok F, Erdogan O, Durmus E (2020) Can preoperative gonadotropin and testosterone levels predict the success of varicocelectomy? Andrologia 52(11):e13887","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10411","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2022.10411","volume":"32","author":"NY Kandevani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kandevani NY, Namdari F, Hamidi M, Dialameh H, Behzadi A (2022) Developing a novel prediction model for the impact of varicocelectomy on postoperative fertility. Eur J Transl Myol 32(2):10411","journal-title":"Eur J Transl Myol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR19","first-page":"e45061","volume":"15","author":"DR Greenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greenberg DR, Hudnall MT, Goyette BN, Fantus RJ, Dubin JM, Brannigan RE, Halpern JA (2023) Predictors of semen parameters decline following the microsurgical varicocelectomy. Cureus 15(9):e45061","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13010011","volume":"13","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu D, Pan C, Su H (2022) Nomogram for predicting semen parameters improvement after microscopic varicocelectomy in infertile men with abnormal semen parameters. J Pers Med 13(1):11","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR21","first-page":"167","volume":"18","author":"A Hamidi Madani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamidi Madani A, Pakdaman M, Mokhtari G, Kazemnezhad E, Hamidi Madani M, Fathollahi A et al (2024) Fertility rate and sperm DNA fragmentation index following varicocelectomy in primary infertile men with clinical varicocele: A prospective longitudinal study. Int J Fertil Steril 18(2):167\u2013172","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"5702_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2023.11.008","volume":"59","author":"A Maimaitiming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maimaitiming A, Muhemaiti A, Mulati Y, Li X (2023) Nomograms for predicting postoperative sperm improvements in varicocele patients. Eur Urol Open Sci 59:40\u201348","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5702_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05439","volume":"6","author":"P Birowo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birowo P, Tendi W, Widyahening IS, Atmoko W, Rasyid N (2020) The benefits of varicocele repair for achieving pregnancy in male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 6(11):e05439","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"5702_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mei Y, Ji N, Feng X, Xu R, Xue D (2024) Don\u2019t wait any longer, conceive in time: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on semen parameters after varicocelectomy. Int Urol Nephrol. May 18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-024-04080-y"},{"key":"5702_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H, Liu XP, Yang XJ, Huang WT, Ruan XX, Xiao HJ et al (2014 Jan-Feb) Loupe-assisted versus microscopic varicocelectomy: is there an intraoperative anatomic difference? Asian J Androl 16(1):112\u2013114","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122189"},{"key":"5702_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warli SM, Nabil RA, Kadar DD, Prapiska FF, Siregar GP (2024 Apr-Jun) A comparison between the efficacy and complication of laparoscopic and microsurgical varicocelectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Ann 16(2):113\u2013119","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.ua_3_23"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2019.72547","volume":"45","author":"\u015eO Demird\u00f6\u011fen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demird\u00f6\u011fen \u015eO, \u00d6zkaya F, Cinislio\u011flu AE, Altay MS, Adanur \u015e, Polat \u00d6 et al (2019) A comparison between the efficacy and safety of microscopic inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy. Turk J Urol 45(4):254\u2013260","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.05.009","volume":"66","author":"P Gontero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gontero P, Pretti G, Fontana F, Zitella A, Marchioro G, Frea B (2005) Inguinal versus subinguinal varicocele vein ligation using magnifying loupe under local anesthesia: which technique is preferable in clinical practice? Urology 66(5):1075\u20131079","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2019.1655813","volume":"65","author":"Q Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Q, Yu Y, Liu Y, Wang L (2019) Outcome of varicocelectomy on different degrees of total motile sperm count: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Biol Reprod Med 65(6):430\u2013436","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5702_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13602","volume":"12","author":"M Dursun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dursun M, Be\u015firo\u011flu H, Ayd\u0131n R, Ka\u00e7an T, Sevin\u00e7 AH, Kad\u0131o\u011flu A (2024) Is varicocoelectomy indicated in infertile men with isolated teratozoospermia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology 12(8):1642\u20131650","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"5702_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810242","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.810242","volume":"13","author":"KP Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li KP, Yang XS, Wu T (2022) The effect of antioxidants on sperm quality parameters and pregnancy rates for idiopathic male infertility: A network Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:810242","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.045","volume":"199","author":"TP Kohn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kohn TP, Kohn JR, Ramasamy R (2018) Effect of sperm morphology on pregnancy success via intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Urol 199(3):812\u2013822","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14409","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14409","volume":"54","author":"F Del Giudice","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del Giudice F, Belladelli F, Chen T et al (2022) The association of impaired semen quality and pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction technology cycles: systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 54(6):e14409","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13188","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13188","volume":"51","author":"E Ates","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ates E, Ucar M, Keskin MZ, Gokce A (2019) Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a new prognostic predictor after microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy. Andrologia 51(2):e13188","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14393","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14393","volume":"54","author":"Y Mulati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mulati Y, Li X, Maimaitiming A, Apizi A, Wang Y (2022) Is there any predictive value of testicular shear wave elastic modulus in testicular functions for varicocele patients? Andrologia 54(5):e14393","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.jmu_218_21","volume":"30","author":"S Y\u00fczkan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y\u00fczkan S, \u00c7ilengir AH (2022) Shear wave elastography for assessment of testicular stiffness in patients with varicocele: A prospective comparative study. J Med Ultrasound 30(4):277\u2013281","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasound"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:53:32Z","timestamp":1767966812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05702-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"331"}}