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Miernik receives research funds of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin (D). He receives support for his travel activities from the European Society of Urology, Arnhem (NL), and the German Society of Urology, D\u00fcsseldorf (D). Furthermore, A. Miernik is consulted for: KLS Martin, Tuttlingen (D), Avateramedical, Jena (D), LISA Laser Products GmbH, Katlenburg-Lindau (D), Schoelly fiberoptics GmbH, Denzlingen (D), Dornier MedTech Systems GmbH (D), Medi-Tate Ltd. (IL, USA) and (B) Braun New Ventures GmbH, Freiburg (D). A. Miernik is speaker for the companies Richard Wolf GmbH (D) and Boston Scientific (USA). Additionally, he performed expert activities for the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Wien (A). A. Miernik is involved in numerous patents and inventions in the field of medical technology. C. Gratzke is adviser for Astellas Pharma GmbH, DE, IpsenPharma GmbH, DE, Steba Biotech S.A., LUX, Bayer Pharma, DE, Olympus Winter & Ibe GmbH, DE, Medi-Tate Ltd., IL, MSD, DE, Astra-Zeneca, UK and Roche, CH. He receives speaker fees from Amgen, USA, Astellas Pharma GmbH, DE, Ipsen Pharma GmbH, DE, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, BEL, Bayer Pharma, DE, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, JPN and medac GmbH, DE. M Glienke, A Sigle, R Himmelsbach, MF von Bargen, M Schoenthaler, A \u00d6zkan, DS Schoeb and K Wilhelm declare to have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"419"}}