{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:13:21Z","timestamp":1773018801242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T11:21:31Z","timestamp":1754824891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The perks of combining extension and Gleason score of positive surgical margins after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tappero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Amparore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Campi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Barletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Anceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Dibilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Piramide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ofir","family":"Maltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cano Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Travino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariavittoria","family":"Vescovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"De Cillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Siech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Masieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Papalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix K. H.","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Serni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Porpiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Galfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Dell\u2019Oglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JU.0000169475.00949.78","volume":"174","author":"P Swindle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swindle P, Eastham JA, Ohori M, Kattan MW, Wheeler T, Maru N et al (2005) Do margins matter? The prognostic significance of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol 174:903\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.JU.0000169475.00949.78","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR2","unstructured":"Mottet N, Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, De Santis M, Gillessen S et al (2022) EAU\u2014EANM\u2014ESTRO\u2014ESUR\u2014ISUP\u2014SIOG guidelines on prostate Cancer 2022. European Association of Urology Guidelines"},{"key":"5806_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tallman JE, Packiam VT, Wroblewski KE, Paner GP, Eggener SE (2017) Influence of pathologist experience on positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 35:461.e1\u2013461.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.UROLONC.2017.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/J.UROLONC.2017.02.007"},{"key":"5806_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JURO.2008.11.032","volume":"181","author":"IM Thompson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Paradelo J, Lucia MS, Miller G, Troyer D et al (2009) Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of metastases and improves survival: long-term followup of a randomized clinical trial. J Urol 181:956\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JURO.2008.11.032","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61253-7","volume":"380","author":"M Bolla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bolla M, Van Poppel H, Tombal B, Vekemans K, Da Pozzo L, De Reijke TM et al (2012) Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: long-term results of a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 380:2018\u20132027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61253-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5806_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EURURO.2014.03.011","volume":"66","author":"T Wiegel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiegel T, Bartkowiak D, Bottke D, Bronner C, Steiner U, Siegmann A et al (2014) Adjuvant radiotherapy versus wait-and-see after radical prostatectomy: 10-year follow-up of the ARO 96-02\/AUO AP 09\/95 trial. Eur Urol 66:243\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURURO.2014.03.011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EURURO.2019.07.001","volume":"76","author":"G Hackman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hackman G, Taari K, Tammela TL, Matikainen M, Kouri M, Joensuu T et al (2019) Randomised trial of adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy versus radical prostatectomy alone in prostate cancer patients with positive margins or extracapsular extension. Eur Urol 76:586\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURURO.2019.07.001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30456-3","volume":"21","author":"A Kneebone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kneebone A, Fraser-Browne C, Duchesne GM, Fisher R, Frydenberg M, Herschtal A et al (2020) Adjuvant radiotherapy versus early salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy (TROG 08.03\/ANZUP RAVES): a randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 21:1331\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30456-3","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000358","volume":"41","author":"M Parvez Shaikh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parvez Shaikh M, Alite F, Wu MJ, Solanki AA, Harkenrider MM (2018) Adjuvant radiotherapy versus wait-and-see strategy for pathologic T3 or margin-positive prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Oncol 41:730\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COC.0000000000000358","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001384","volume":"44","author":"E Hollemans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hollemans E, Verhoef EI, Bangma CH, Rietbergen J, Helleman J, Roobol MJ et al (2020) Prostate carcinoma grade and length but not cribriform architecture at positive surgical margins are predictive for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Am J Surg Pathol 44:191\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001384","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5806_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199603000-00004","volume":"20","author":"JI Epstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Partin AW, Sauvageot J, Walsh PC (1996) Prediction of progression following radical prostatectomy. A multivariate analysis of 721 men with long-term follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol 20:286\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000478-199603000-00004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5806_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EUO.2019.03.006","volume":"4","author":"A Martini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martini A, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, Scuderi S, Bravi CA, Mazzone E et al (2021) Defining clinically meaningful positive surgical margins in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localised prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 4:42\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EUO.2019.03.006","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.11.021","volume":"7","author":"F Pellegrino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pellegrino F, Falagario UG, Knipper S, Martini A, Akre O, Egevad L et al (2024) Assessing the impact of positive surgical margins on mortality in patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy: 20 years\u2019 report from the EAU robotic urology section scientific working group. Eur Urol Oncol 7:888\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2023.11.021","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0B013E3181E103BF","volume":"34","author":"D Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao D, Kibel AS, Gao F, Tao Y, Humphrey PA (2010) The Gleason score of tumor at the margin in radical prostatectomy is predictive of biochemical recurrence. Am J Surg Pathol 34:994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0B013E3181E103BF","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5806_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1464-410X.2011.10572.X","volume":"109","author":"R Savdie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Savdie R, Horvath LG, Benito RP, Rasiah KK, Haynes AM, Chatfield M et al (2012) High Gleason grade carcinoma at a positive surgical margin predicts biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy and May guide adjuvant radiotherapy. BJU Int 109:1794\u20131800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1464-410X.2011.10572.X","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"5806_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1464-410X.2012.11665.X","volume":"111","author":"JG Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang JG, Pedersen J, Hong MKH, Harewood LM, Peters J, Costello AJ et al (2013) Presence or absence of a positive pathological margin outperforms any other margin-associated variable in predicting clinically relevant biochemical recurrence in Gleason 7 prostate cancer. BJU Int 111:921\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1464-410X.2012.11665.X","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"5806_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EURURO.2014.07.004","volume":"66","author":"BR Viers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viers BR, Sukov WR, Gettman MT, Rangel LJ, Bergstralh EJ, Frank I et al (2014) Primary Gleason grade 4 at the positive margin is associated with metastasis and death among patients with Gleason 7 prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 66:1116\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURURO.2014.07.004","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/S00345-015-1510-Y","volume":"33","author":"A Karl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karl A, Buchner A, Tympner C, Kirchner T, Ganswindt U, Belka C et al (2015) The natural course of pT2 prostate cancer with positive surgical margin: predicting biochemical recurrence. World J Urol 33:973\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00345-015-1510-Y","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JURO.2015.08.002","volume":"195","author":"M Kates","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kates M, Sopko NA, Han M, Partin AW, Epstein JI (2016) Importance of reporting the Gleason score at the positive surgical margin site: analysis of 4082 consecutive radical prostatectomy cases. J Urol 195:337\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JURO.2015.08.002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/S41391-017-0019-4","volume":"21","author":"BF Chapin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chapin BF, Nguyen JN, Achim MF, Navai N, Williams SB, Prokhorova IN et al (2018) Positive margin length and highest Gleason grade of tumor at the margin predict for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 21:221\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41391-017-0019-4","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"5806_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1002\/PROS.23908","volume":"79","author":"F Preisser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Preisser F, Coxilha G, Heinze A, Oh S, Chun FKH, Sauter G et al (2019) Impact of positive surgical margin length and Gleason grade at the margin on biochemical recurrence in patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. Prostate 79:1832\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PROS.23908","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"5806_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24341","volume":"82","author":"F Preisser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Preisser F, Heinze A, Abrams-Pompe S, Bud\u00e4us R, Chun L, Graefen FKH (2022) Impact of positive surgical margin length and Gleason grade at the margin on oncologic outcomes in patients with nonorgan-confined prostate cancer. Prostate 82:949\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24341","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"5806_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001204","volume":"43","author":"V Iremashvili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iremashvili V, Pelaez L, Jorda M, Parekh DJ, Punnen S (2019) A comprehensive analysis of the association between Gleason score at a positive surgical margin and the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Am J Surg Pathol 43:369\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001204","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"5806_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EUO.2018.12.002","volume":"2","author":"A Martini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martini A, Gandaglia G, Karnes RJ, Zaffuto E, Bianchi M, Gontero P et al (2019) Defining the most informative intermediate clinical endpoints for predicting overall survival in patients treated with radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2:456\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EUO.2018.12.002","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, Delahunt B, Srigley JR, Humphrey PA (2015) The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System. American Journal of Surgical Pathology","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000530"},{"key":"5806_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.014","volume":"75","author":"M Assel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Assel M, Sjoberg D, Elders A, Wang X, Huo D, Botchway A et al (2019) Guidelines for reporting of statistics for clinical research in urology. Eur Urol 75:358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"5806_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EUO.2021.01.001","volume":"4","author":"G Ploussard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ploussard G, Fossati N, Wiegel T, D\u2019Amico A, Hofman MS, Gillessen S et al (2021) Management of persistently elevated Prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol Oncol 4:150\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EUO.2021.01.001","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"5806_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan PH, Cheng L, Srigley JR, Griffiths D, Humphrey PA, Van Der Kwast TH et al (2011) International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 5: surgical margins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2010.155","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.155"},{"key":"5806_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.294.4.433","volume":"294","author":"SJ Freedland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freedland SJ, Humphreys EB, Mangold LA, Eisenberger M, Dorey FJ, Walsh PC et al (2005) Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 294:433\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.294.4.433","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5806_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JU.0000091876.13656.2E","volume":"170","author":"JF Ward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ward JF, Blute ML, Slezak J, Bergstralh EJ, Zincke H (2003) The long-term clinical impact of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer 5 or more years after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 170:1872\u20131876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.JU.0000091876.13656.2E","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T22:02:54Z","timestamp":1767996174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05806-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Due to the anonymously coded design of the exploited database, study-specific Institutional Review Board ethics approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Approval of the research protocol by an institutional reviewer board"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registry and the registration no. of the study\/trial"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal studies"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent statement, permission to reproduce material from other sources and clinical trial registration"}}],"article-number":"481"}}