{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:34:13Z","timestamp":1792182853647,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t Mannheim der Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To prospectively evaluate patient and clinician reported outcomes of sexual function and health-related quality of life (QOL) of transgender women preoperatively (t0), 6 months (t1), and 12 months (t2) after gender-affirming surgery (GAS) with penile inversion vaginoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender women undergoing two-stage GAS at our tertiary care center were included (04\/2019\u201301\/2023). Patients received a composed questionnaire including a validated questionnaire (SF-12). Clinical outcomes and adverse events were evaluated. A regression analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for a deterioration in sexual function and QOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-three patients with an average age of 40.27\u2009\u00b1\u200914.43 years were included. Complications were mostly minor (Clavien Dindo Classification grade I\/II). The depth of the neovagina postoperatively was 11.98\u2009\u00b1\u20092.19\u00a0cm and the width 3.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98\u00a0cm. 79.4% of patients were able to experience an orgasm 12 months postoperatively. Orgasm quality increased significantly over the measurement time points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The SF-12 average physical and mental scores of our collective were similar to the German populations average scores with no significant differences between the time measurement points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.405 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.198, respectively). The mental score was always lower than the physical score. A multiple linear regression analysis showed age\u2009&lt;\u200940 years to be a significant influence factor regarding the physical QOL-score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) and the ability to experience an orgasm (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Penile inversion vaginoplasty is a safe procedure that yields favorable outcomes regarding sexual function and health-related QOL. Younger age significantly predicts improved physical QOL and the ability to experience orgasm postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:50:16Z","timestamp":1756817416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Post-surgical outcomes in transgender women: a prospective analysis of sexual function and health-related quality of life"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Wenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Liedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Gr\u00fcne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, Brown GR, de Vries ALC, Deutsch MB, Ettner R, Fraser L, Goodman M, Green J, Hancock AB, Johnson TW, Karasic DH, Knudson GA, Leibowitz SF, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Monstrey SJ, Motmans J, Nahata L, Nieder TO, Reisner SL, Richards C, Schechter LS, Tangpricha V, Tishelman AC, Van Trotsenburg MAA, Winter S, Ducheny K, Adams NJ, Adri\u00e1n TM, Allen LR, Azul D, Bagga H, Ba\u015far K, Bathory DS, Belinky JJ, Berg DR, Berli JU, Bluebond-Langner RO, Bouman MB, Bowers ML, Brassard PJ, Byrne J, Capit\u00e1n L, Cargill CJ, Carswell JM, Chang SC, Chelvakumar G, Corneil T, Dalke KB, De Cuypere G, de Vries E, Den Heijer M, Devor AH, Dhejne C, D\u2019Marco A, Edmiston EK, Edwards-Leeper L, Ehrbar R, Ehrensaft D, Eisfeld J, Elaut E, Erickson-Schroth L, Feldman JL, Fisher AD, Garcia MM, Gijs L, Green SE, Hall BP, Hardy TLD, Irwig MS, Jacobs LA, Janssen AC, Johnson K, Klink DT, Kreukels BPC, Kuper LE, Kvach EJ, Malouf MA, Massey R, Mazur T, McLachlan C, Morrison SD, Mosser SW, Neira PM, Nygren U, Oates JM, Obedin-Maliver J, Pagkalos G, Patton J, Phanuphak N, Rachlin K, Reed T, Rider GN, Ristori J, Robbins-Cherry S, Roberts SA, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Rosenthal SM, Sabir K, Safer JD, Scheim AI, Seal LJ, Sehoole TJ, Spencer K, St Amand C, Steensma TD, Strang JF, Taylor GB, Tilleman K, T\u2019Sjoen, Vala GG, Van Mello LN, Veale NM, Vencill JF, Vincent JA, Wesp B, West LM, Arcelus MA (2022) J Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. Int J Transgend Health 23 (Suppl 1):S1-s259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644"},{"issue":"3","key":"5887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031774","volume":"81","author":"SL Budge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Budge SL, Adelson JL, Howard KA (2013) Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: the roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping. J Consult Clin Psychol 81(3):545\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031774","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2015.1115753","volume":"28","author":"C Dhejne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dhejne C, Van Vlerken R, Heylens G, Arcelus J (2016) Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature. Int Rev Psychiatry 28(1):44\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09540261.2015.1115753","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5887_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2015.1073143","volume":"28","author":"E Marshall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marshall E, Claes L, Bouman WP, Witcomb GL, Arcelus J (2016) Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality in trans people: A systematic review of the literature. Int Rev Psychiatry 28(1):58\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09540261.2015.1073143","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"5887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2958","volume":"134","author":"AL de Vries","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Vries AL, McGuire JK, Steensma TD, Wagenaar EC, Doreleijers TA, Cohen-Kettenis PT (2014) Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Pediatrics 134(4):696\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-2958","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"5887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23206","volume":"31","author":"A Zurada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zurada A, Salandy S, Roberts W, Gielecki J, Schober J, Loukas M (2018) The evolution of transgender surgery. Clin Anat 31(6):878\u2013886","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"5887_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2023.08.002","volume":"68","author":"FX Madec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Madec FX, Sabbagh P, Schirmann A, Morel-Journel N, Neuville P (2023) [Genital gender affirming surgery in trans women: Vulvo-vaginoplasty review]. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 68(5\u20136):468\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anplas.2023.08.002","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"key":"5887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hess J, Henkel A, Bohr J, Rehme C, Panic A, Panic L, Rossi Neto R, Hadaschik B, Hess Y (2018) Sexuality after Male-to-Female gender affirmation surgery. Biomed Res Int 2018(9037979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9037979","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9037979"},{"issue":"3","key":"5887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2038334","volume":"23","author":"C Javier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Javier C, Crimston CR, Barlow FK (2022) Surgical satisfaction and quality of life outcomes reported by transgender men and women at least one year post gender-affirming surgery: A systematic literature review. Int J Transgend Health 23(3):255\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26895269.2022.2038334","journal-title":"Int J Transgend Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"5887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13022","volume":"9","author":"C Kloer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kloer C, Parker A, Blasdel G, Kaplan S, Zhao L, Bluebond-Langner R (2021) Sexual health after vaginoplasty: A systematic review. Andrology 9(6):1744\u20131764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13022","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23863","volume":"35","author":"TMR Barcelos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barcelos TMR, Ferreira CHJ, Lerri MR, Brito LGO, de S\u00e1 MFS, de S\u00e1 ACS, da Silva Lara LA (2022) Sexual function of transgender women after gender affirming surgery: A mini review. Clin Anat 35(5):560\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23863","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"5887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.13109\/zptm.2020.66.3.272","volume":"66","author":"K Drixler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drixler K, Morfeld M, Glaesmer H, Br\u00e4hler E, Wirtz MA (2020) [Validation of the Short-Form-Health-Survey-12 (SF-12 version 2.0) assessing health-related quality of life in a normative German sample]. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 66(3):272\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13109\/zptm.2020.66.3.272","journal-title":"Z Psychosom Med Psychother"},{"issue":"11","key":"5887_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00109-7","volume":"51","author":"B Gandek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gandek B, Ware JE, Aaronson NK, Apolone G, Bjorner JB, Brazier JE, Bullinger M, Kaasa S, Leplege A, Prieto L, Sullivan M (1998) Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 health survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA project. International quality of life assessment. J Clin Epidemiol 51(11):1171\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00109-7","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2020.0825","volume":"35","author":"F Waldbillig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waldbillig F, Nientiedt M, Kowalewski KF, Grune B, von Hardenberg J, Nuhn P, Michel MS, Kriegmair MC (2021) The comprehensive complication index for advanced monitoring of complications following endoscopic surgery of the lower urinary tract. J Endourol 35(4):490\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2020.0825","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000004717","volume":"275","author":"N Oles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oles N, Darrach H, Landford W, Garza M, Twose C, Park CS, Tran P, Schechter LS, Lau B, Coon D (2022) Gender affirming surgery: A comprehensive, systematic review of all Peer-reviewed literature and methods of assessing Patient-centered outcomes (Part 2: genital Reconstruction). Ann Surg 275(1):e67\u2013e74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000004717","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"5887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramsay A, Blankson J, Finnerty-Haggerty L, Wu J, Safer JD, Pang JH (2025) Using a novel and validated survey tool to analyze sexual functioning following vaginoplasty in transgender individuals. Sex Health 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh24070","DOI":"10.1071\/sh24070"},{"issue":"3","key":"5887_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07017.x","volume":"100","author":"JC Goddard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goddard JC, Vickery RM, Qureshi A, Summerton DJ, Khoosal D, Terry TR (2007) Feminizing genitoplasty in adult transsexuals: early and long-term surgical results. BJU Int 100(3):607\u2013613","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"5887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3510","DOI":"10.1097\/gox.0000000000003510","volume":"9","author":"SS Bustos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bustos SS, Bustos VP, Mascaro A, Ciudad P, Forte AJ, Del Corral G, Manrique OJ (2021) Complications and Patient-reported outcomes in transfemale vaginoplasty: an updated systematic review and Meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 9(3):e3510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gox.0000000000003510","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"5887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e954","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-2667(21)00236-x","volume":"6","author":"Y Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin Y, Xie H, Huang Z, Zhang Q, Wilson A, Hou J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Pan B, Liu Y, Han M, Chen R (2021) The mental health of transgender and gender non-conforming people in china: a systematic review. Lancet Public Health 6(12):e954\u2013e969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-2667(21)00236-x","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"5887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.03.369","volume":"13","author":"X Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhao L, Wang L, Hao C, Gu Y, Song W, Zhao Q, Wang X (2016) Quality of life of transgender women from China and associated factors: A Cross-Sectional study. J Sex Med 13(6):977\u2013987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.03.369","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5887_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-0704-3","volume":"14","author":"CL Lam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lam CL, Tse EY, Gandek B (2005) Is the standard SF-12 health survey valid and equivalent for a Chinese population? Qual Life Res 14(2):539\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-004-0704-3","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2017.05.012","volume":"32","author":"E Mora","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mora E, Carrillo A, Giribet A, Becerra A, Lucio MJ, Cobeta I (2018) Translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary evaluation of the Spanish version of the transgender voice questionnaire for Male-to-Female transsexuals (TVQ (MtF)). J Voice 32(4):514. .e511-514.e516","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"7","key":"5887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9668-7","volume":"19","author":"TA Ainsworth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ainsworth TA, Spiegel JH (2010) Quality of life of individuals with and without facial feminization surgery or gender reassignment surgery. Qual Life Res 19(7):1019\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-010-9668-7","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T22:03:03Z","timestamp":1767996183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-025-05887-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"529"}}