{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:54:02Z","timestamp":1782417242924,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008386","name":"Marmara University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Urol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to compare the predictive value of preoperative midstream urine culture (PMUC), intraoperative renal pelvic urine culture (RPUC), and stone culture (SC) for postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 234 patients who underwent supine-PCNL between January 2020 and April 2025. UTI was diagnosed based on systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and elevated inflammatory markers. Demographic, peri-, intra- and post-operative data were compared between patients with and without UTI. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UTI occurred in 14.1%(\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933) of patients postoperatively, with 72.7% presenting with fever. Culture positivity rates were significantly higher in postoperative UTI-patients (PMUC\u2009=\u200927.3% vs. 7.5%, SC: 39.4% vs. 8.0% and RPUC: 30.3% vs. 6.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In UTI-patients, only 15.2% of postoperative urine cultures obtained before antibiotic treatment showed bacterial growth, which was lower than intraoperative cultures. UTI was higher in female patients (60.6% vs. 39.4%) and in those with an ASA score of 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020). Female gender (OR\u2009=\u20093.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), ASA-3 score (OR\u2009=\u20095.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), positive SC (OR\u2009=\u20095.83,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and RPUC (OR\u2009=\u20093.67,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) were independent predictors of postoperative UTI. PMUC was not associated (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.65) with postoperative UTI in the multivariate analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative SC and RPUC showed a stronger association with postoperative UTI compared with PMUC and may be considered for routine use. Female gender and ASA-3 score were identified as independent risk factors. In patients who develop UTI, prior empirical or prophylactic antibiotic use may limit pathogen detection in postoperative urine cultures; therefore, intraoperative cultures play a critical role in early and targeted treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T06:06:20Z","timestamp":1772431580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative cultures for predicting postoperative urinary tract infections following supine PCNL"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3847-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunal","family":"Ozgur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dogancan","family":"Dorucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9026-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orhan Bugra","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersin","family":"Gokmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3072-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Senoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8275-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haydar Kamil","family":"Cam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0085-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik Emre","family":"Sener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6320_CR1","unstructured":"Skolarikos A (Chair), Neisius HJ,A, Pet\u0159\u00edk A, Kamphuis GM, Davis NF, Somani B, Tailly T, Lardas M, Gambaro G (Consultant nephrologist) JA Sayer (Consultant nephrologist) Guidelines Associates: R. Geraghty R, Lombardo L Tzelves Guidelines Office: C. Bezuidenhout. (2025) [cited 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.09.016","volume":"61","author":"C Seitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seitz C et al (2012) Incidence, prevention, and management of complications following percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy. Eur Urol 61(1):146\u2013158","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6320_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.05.007","volume":"188","author":"S Gravas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gravas S et al (2012) Postoperative infection rates in low risk patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy with and without antibiotic prophylaxis: a matched case control study. J Urol 188(3):843\u2013847","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6320_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000154350.78826.96","volume":"173","author":"P Mariappan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mariappan P et al (2005) Stone and pelvic urine culture and sensitivity are better than bladder urine as predictors of urosepsis following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective clinical study. J Urol 173(5):1610\u20131614","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-03050-9","volume":"38","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu Z et al (2020) The evaluation of early predictive factors for urosepsis in patients with negative preoperative urine culture following mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. World J Urol 38(10):2629\u20132636","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2016.10.012","volume":"33","author":"C Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu C et al (2017) Comparison of renal pelvic pressure and postoperative fever incidence between standard- and mini-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 33(1):36\u201343","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"6320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2020.1140","volume":"35","author":"M Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu M et al (2021) Preoperative Midstream Urine Cultures vs Renal Pelvic Urine Culture or Stone Culture in Predicting Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Urosepsis After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Endourol 35(10):1467\u20131478","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-022-01376-5","volume":"51","author":"G Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou G et al (2022) The influencing factors of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urolithiasis 51(1):17","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"issue":"13","key":"6320_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33155","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Xie L, Liu C (2024) Prediction of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy by urine culture, stone culture, and renal pelvis urine culture: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 10(13):e33155","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"6320_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000576","volume":"29","author":"MJ Schnabel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schnabel MJ, Wagenlehner FME, Schneidewind L (2019) Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for stone therapy. Curr Opin Urol 29(2):89\u201395","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6320_CR11","first-page":"223","volume":"1","author":"E Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor E et al (2012) Complications associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Transl Androl Urol 1(4):223\u2013228","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6320_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2424-2","volume":"37","author":"L Whitehurst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whitehurst L, Jones P, Somani BK (2019) Mortality from kidney stone disease (KSD) as reported in the literature over the last two decades: a systematic review. World J Urol 37(5):759\u2013776","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6320_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.183","volume":"10","author":"EI Kreydin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kreydin EI, Eisner BH (2013) Risk factors for sepsis after percutaneous renal stone surgery. Nat Rev Urol 10(10):598\u2013605","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05484-w","volume":"43","author":"J Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng J et al (2025) Is it necessary for patients with a positive urine culture to achieve a negative result after antimicrobial treatment before undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy? World J Urol 43(1):131","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6320_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616671710","volume":"33","author":"Y Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu Y et al (2018) Early Goal-Directed Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Intensive Care Med 33(5):296\u2013309","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6320_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2018.0842","volume":"33","author":"I Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh I et al (2019) Efficacy of Intraoperative Renal Stone Culture in Predicting Postpercutaneous Nephrolithotomy Urosepsis\/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: A Prospective Analytical Study with Review of Literature. J Endourol 33(2):84\u201392","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03155-6","volume":"39","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z et al (2021) The impact of nephrostomy drainage prior to mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with ESBL-positive Escherichia coli. World J Urol 39(1):239\u2013246","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.03.004","volume":"192","author":"AD Benson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benson AD, Juliano TM, Miller NL (2014) Infectious outcomes of nephrostomy drainage before percutaneous nephrolithotomy compared to concurrent access. J Urol 192(3):770\u2013774","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2019.60.1.29","volume":"60","author":"IM Sabler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabler IM et al (2019) Is emergency percutaneous antegrade drainage of the upper urinary tract useful for future percutaneous nephrolithotomy access? Investig Clin Urol 60(1):29\u201334","journal-title":"Investig Clin Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6320_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14331","volume":"27","author":"AM Elbatanouny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elbatanouny AM et al (2020) Percutaneous nephrostomy versus JJ ureteric stent as the initial drainage method in kidney stone patients presenting with acute kidney injury: A prospective randomized study. Int J Urol 27(10):916\u2013921","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0191","volume":"30","author":"M Rivera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivera M et al (2016) Pre- and Postoperative Predictors of Infection-Related Complications in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 30(9):982\u2013986","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.06.064","volume":"186","author":"R Korets","year":"2011","unstructured":"Korets R et al (2011) Post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy systemic inflammatory response: a prospective analysis of preoperative urine, renal pelvic urine and stone cultures. J Urol 186(5):1899\u20131903","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-018-1063-9","volume":"47","author":"T Degirmenci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Degirmenci T et al (2019) Does leaving residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with positive stone culture and\/or renal pelvic urine culture increase the risk of infectious complications? Urolithiasis 47(4):371\u2013375","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-019-01148-8","volume":"48","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J et al (2020) Does preoperative urine culture still play a role in predicting post-PCNL SIRS? A retrospective cohort study. Urolithiasis 48(3):251\u2013256","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.11809","volume":"25","author":"D Puia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Puia D et al (2023) Can we identify the risk factors for SIRS\/sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy? A meta\u2013analysis and literature review. Exp Ther Med 25(3):110","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6320_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16504","volume":"135","author":"TE Sener","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sener TE et al (2025) Foley catheter after ureteroscopy and JJ stent placement: a randomised prospective European Association of Urology Section of Urolithiasis-Young Academic Urologists (EULIS-YAU) endourology study. BJU Int 135(1):95\u2013102","journal-title":"BJU Int"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:02:13Z","timestamp":1772474533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-026-06320-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7722932\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1433-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-8726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No conflict declared.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Marmara University, School of Medicine (Approval No: 09.2025.25\u20130192).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study was conducted retrospectively using previously collected and anonymized data from the PCNL Database; therefore, obtaining written informed consent from participants was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"215"}}